In The Tigris River, The Ilisu Dam Along With Other Dams

In the Tigris River, the Ilisu Dam along with other dams has become a plan to sustain a water reservoir for the citizens of Turkey. Unfortunately, it has led to an increasing number of ecological impacts downstream. The project began in August of 2006 and has been met with much controversy, yet certain instances of how the dam affects the surrounding life including people and other organisms has become definite. With International Environmental Impact Assessments calling to be revised, but to no avail, it begins to make one investigate the risks of the construction of the dam and it’s ecological impact on the surrounding environment including aquatic, terrestrial, plant, and human life. This analysis will discuss what the Ilisu Dam is and†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, some of the companies like VA Tech and DSI have had histories of forcibly removing thousands to millions of people from their homes. Even worse flooding of the reservoirs sometimes causes the surro unding areas where residence still occupied to be submerged killing those who remain, according to Maggie Ronayne from the report, â€Å"The Cultural and Environmental Impact of Large Dams in Southwest Turkey.† More will now be discussed of the many ecological impacts the Ilisu has on the communities of animal and plant-life. In the same report written by Ronayne, she stated that a requirement of some international guidelines for the dam was to consult with the women of the area prior to construction. The companies falsified claims of speaking with the women. When asked on the conversations, they said the women agreed with building the dams because they wanted dishwaters. This was to imply that the women’s major priority was to relinquish the burden of washing dishes, a task already stereotyped for women. Sadly, when the Kurdish Human Rights Project spoke with actual women from the surrounding areas, their opinions were quite different from what was said by the VA Tec h. The impoverished areas could not even afford dishwashers, and felt the dam would do more harm to the land and their community than what was already happening.

Misrepresentation in Business Law - 1672 Words

Introduction to Business Law- Assignment 1B Advise TLC Ltd. as to any possible action they may have for misrepresentation against answer Ltd. _____________________________________________________________________ Treitel in The Law of Contract (2003) defines a contract as: â€Å"An agreement giving rise to obligations which are enforced or recognised by law. The factor which distinguishes contractual from other legal obligations is that they are based on the agreement of the contracting parties.† This quote illustrates the basic criteria for a contract. A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, it can be written or oral. There is no mention of a written contract between TLC and†¦show more content†¦For this to happen it follows that the reasonable person would consider it an important fact in entering the contract. Museprime Properties Ltd v Adhill Properties Ltd (1990). Answer are the experts and Valentino is their representative, he inspects the needs of TLC and recommends the Bizarre Pentium IV. Therefore it is reasonable to assume that the statements made regarding reliability and suitability were representations made to induce the contract. The issue is whether Valentino purposefully made false statements, was reckless or innocent in those statements. A Fraudulent statement is knowing the statement to be false or being reckless to whether it’s false. Defined in Derry v Peek (1889) by Lord Herschell as a â€Å"false statement made knowingly or without belief in its truth or recklessly careless whether it be true or false†. Recklessly careless means the representee had foreseen it may be false but did not care. There is an element of dishonesty here. In fraudulent cases the burden of proof is on the claimant, this means the claimant must prove the defendants guilt. It’s very hard to prove a fraudulent misrepresentation; if unsuccessful the defendants’ representations are presumed innocent. Innocent misrepresentations are made when the representor genuinely believes the false statement. It would be unlikely that TLC could prove Valentino’sShow MoreRelatedThe Obligatory Elements For Establishing Fraudulent Misrepresentation1457 Words   |  6 PagesThe following essay will discuss the obligatory elements for establishing fraudulent misrepresentation. This explicit area of business law is reinforced by precedent cases which encapsulate and clarify the elements required to establish an argument for damages based on fraudulent misrepresentation. In light of this, the essay will arg ue in favour of Bob Wheelie, with support of relevant case law, that the reckless actions of Mr Spokes constitute the grounds for an action for fraud and damages toRead MoreThe Elements Required For Fraudulent Misrepresentation And If They Are Present1008 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This essay is going to discuss the elements required for fraudulent misrepresentation and if they are present in the situations of Mr Wheelie and Mr Spoke. Common law will be used to support Mr Wheelie’s intention of taking Mr Spoke to court. The components of fraudulent misrepresentation in this situation are seen through the actions that Mr Spoke took to seek agreement with Mr Wheelie in the contract. 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However, there have been cases and specific legislation that make Australian contracts unique. First, it has to be understood what is necessary for a contract to be legal, and thenRead MoreAustralian Competition And Consumer Act 20101334 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will discuss the requirements for a legally binding contract, elements for establishing misrepresentation in a court and some elements of the Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010. Mr Manfredi entered into a bilateral contact with Elvis Eggplant who is the director of the vegetarian cafà © HappyHippie. Elvis Eggplant has induced Mr Manfredi to purchase the cafà © HappyHippie by inflating financial accounts by 60% and supplying misleading information about future profitability of theRead MoreContract Law Enforces The Right Of Contractual Freedom1684 Words   |  7 PagesContract law enforces the right to contractual freedom. Although, when one party has a stronger position in the commercial market, he may take advantage of his position and contract away from fair legal rules . Incorporation of terms The common law finds that, in the absence of misrepresentation, when parties are signing an agreement it follows that they agree to the terms included . In L’estrange v Graucob (1934), Scrutton LJ stated that the general principle of incorporation of terms is thatRead Morebusiness law1127 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ NAME: FIN NO.: BATCH NO.: MODULE: BUSINESS LAW LECTURER: MR MAHADEVAN LUKSHUMAYEH Question: In early 2013, Beauty property developer negotiated with Stylish over a new house in the eastern sector of Singapore. Beauty and Stylish had various meetings about the cost and finish of the house. At one of their meetings, Stylish asked Beauty whether the price of the house included curtains, blinds and window coverings. Beauty explained that all window coverings were provided for in the contractRead MoreBusiness Law: Exemption Clause961 Words   |  4 Pages1. An exemption is a clause in a contract that exempts or removes liability from one or both parties in certain circumstances. Exemption clauses are used frequently in business organization contract. These clauses apportion risk between the parties concerned and the law upholds them, assuming the parties negotiated them while drafting the contract 2. The two ways in which exemption clauses can be incorporated in a contract are: (1) Incorporation by notice and (2) Incorporation by signature.Read MoreAnalysis Of Carlill V Carbolic Smoke Ball Co1390 Words   |  6 Pagesas there was already a binding agreement in place between them. The law relating to this is that acceptance must be unconditional, that the offeree must have accepted the exact terms advocated by the offeror unconditionally; i.e. without establishing any additional terms which the offeror has not had the latitude to contemplate. The instigation of these additional new terms are referred to as a â€Å"counter offer†; its influence in law is to distinguish the original offer. For example, in Carlill v CarbolicRead MoreBusiness Law: Exemption Clause945 Words   |  4 Pages1. An exemption is a clause in a contract that exempts or removes liability from one or both parties in certain circumstances. Exemption clauses are used frequently in business organization contract. These clauses apportion risk between the parties concerned and the law upholds them, assuming the parties negotiated them while drafting the contract 2. The two ways in which exemption clauses can be incorporated in a contract are: (1) Incorporation by notice and (2) Incorporation by signature

The Lost Generation Free Essays

string(40) " future after he returned from the war\." Both Remarque’s â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† and Hemingway’s â€Å"The Sun Also Rises† relate to the theme of hopelessness during the lost generation. Remarque’s story is set during the war from a younger German soldier, Paul, through him the suffering and difficulties are presented as fruitless and with out a main goal to look forward to when they return home. Throughout the military travels of the younger soldiers like Paul, Remarque’s view on wars disadvantages on people are clearly stated through the eyes of Paul. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost Generation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Towards the end of his life, he grows happy to die and is glad to pass away from all the pain emotionally and physically he and his comrades had to endure during the battle. Carrying on through the book is the sense of empty hopelessness that nothing will become good and there is nothing to look forward to after their arrival home. On the other side, Hemingway’s older veteran characters, Jake and Brett, play the role of two empty people who are looking for direction in life after the devastating war. Jake however becomes a redeemable character through his journey to overcome his psychological and physical damage from the war and gains sympathy. However Brett does not earn any more respect or accomplishes any growth in overcoming her war wounds. This takes its own path in the end when Jake moves on from Brett’s taunting attitudes and starts to gain his balance in life again. Hemingway’s hopelessness is conveyed more positively than Remarque’s critical outlook on war. Throughout both book the characters struggle with their emotional difficulties to stay attuned to their prewar lives and struggle with hope for the future. However Hemingway takes the path of a more positive ending while Remarque creates a happy doom for his brave, suffering characters. There are many parallels between the characters in each book enough though the themes and perspectives are entirely different. The main point serves the same purpose, whereas the lost generation was hopeless unless they rarely saw a glimpse of the future after recovery. The tone of the overall book has an almost empty and predictable attitude about it, the men have no hope for themselves, and they do not convey a sense of need to get home or to survive but merely to continue to take orders until the end. The hopelessness conveyed by the characters in â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† is the kind of hopelessness when you know you cannot personally change the outcome of your fate knowing the future results in death. Most of the reality of the brutal war is exposed through battles or bluntly stated by another distraught soldier. A sense of urgency is not present when knowing that at any moment a comrade could be returning with â€Å"screams of intolerable pain. [Knowing] every day that he can live will be howling [with] torture† (72). The lack of urgency communicates that death is a causal event during war and the witnesses are used to the terrible sight of mangled or dead bodies. Some even accept that they will one day become like those they see in pain and fear life over death. â€Å"Every face can be read† on the appearance of each soldier who knows they are subject to the â€Å"embrace† of â€Å"the front† (53). Faces can easily be read because the same fate awaits all the soldiers, death and no hope. The characters see no future and are trudging along in an empty cycle. The circle is completed with unfilled desires to keep living when the discovery of Paul with â€Å"his face [of calm expression] as though almost glad the end had come† establishes that he was happy to leave pain, suffering and damaged forthcoming opportunities to a peaceful afterlife (296). The lost generation shared a â€Å"common fate [which] ruined [them] for everything† upcoming in the future to better their lives such as a family or a job offer as mentioned by various characters but created disappointment at the realization their dreams would not come true. This contributed to the plummeting feelings the lost generation carried with them. Hemingway disguises his characters want for redemption and amount of hopelessness they feel. The book has a more up beat consistency than â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† and more is said in what the Jake is not saying than what he and Brett bluntly state. Brett cannot be with Jake because she would â€Å"tromper† or commit adultery since Jake cannot satisfy her needs sexually (62). Instead Jake secretively takes a prostitute out to dinner but ends up dumping her on his friends while he leaves with Brett. Jake did not sleep with the prostitute, Georgette, because he felt ashamed and helpless about his physical injury from the war. He does not feel man enough to sleep with a prostitute, he feels discouraged about his future plans and ability to gain happiness as part of the lost generation. To fill the void opened from war, Jake, Brett and their comrades drink to escape their persisting troubles and pains. Jake has a miserable life and to make it better he finds it easier to get drunk and not fix his problems. â€Å" ‘Don’t get drunk, Jake,’ she [Brett] said. ‘You don’t have to. ’†¦ ‘Don’t,’ she said. You’ll be alright. ’† Brett reassures Jake (245). The pain and emptiness ceases with alcohol and distracts from the wars wounds. Contrasting to Paul and the other lost generation soldiers in â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front†, Jake proves he is able to redeem himself and looks to the future. Ja ke uses religion as a parallel to his emotional stability. When starting out Jake was not religious and just went through the movements of going to church and â€Å"being a good Catholic†, however as he progresses he finds that he should care more about religion and has a want to be more involved. The parallel of him wanting to be more involved is when he breaks away from Brett and starts off new; and for the first time believes in his future after he returned from the war. You read "The Lost Generation" in category "Papers" Jake’s break through occurred when he â€Å"stoop up, gripped with [his] toes on the edge of the raft as it tipped with [his] weight, and dove cleanly and deeply, to come up through the lightening water, blew the salt water out of [his] head, and swam slowly and steadily to shore† (242). As Jake comes out of the water, he symbolizes a baptism and the rebirth of himself into a more understanding and less negative man. Along with becoming less frightened of the future Jake was able to let go of Brett and her ability to draw men in. He finally cleansed himself of her and his past troubles and looks to days ahead. Rarely does Jake interact with a genuine character, more often does he associates with deceptive, greedy, manipulative or mean people of the lost generation. The main character that is sympathetic is Jake, he battles the most with his physical injury and because of that, Brett puts him through emotional misery. Even as Brett â€Å"kissed [Jake he] could tell she was thinking of something else† and finally understood that she just used him for her own personal benefit (245). After his â€Å"baptism† Jake was close to moving on from Brett and almost did until she pulled him back in again. The fact that Brett is thinking about someone else is the last straw for Jake and he is done with her. From this kiss on, Jake is cold and a little immature towards Brett. This signifies his final connection with her emotionally and he takes steps to begin a new life. Brett consciously talks bout her other men with Jake while she knows how he feels about her. She almost flaunts them in front of Jake by complimenting them saying â€Å"he’s my sort of thing† (247). Brett is attracted to the bad boys who show her attention but aren’t controlling. She disregards Jake as a candidate for her commitment and love since he cannot satisfy her sexually; she only uses him emotionally t hen ditches him when a better offer comes along. She is aware she cannot be with him and it hurts him to see her go off with men, however she does nothing to change this. She even goes as far as to bring the men over to Jake’s place to have a drink. Because of her blatant disrespect for anyone but herself she is not a redeemable character and no sympathy is given to her. Jake is the only character that deserves sympathy while Brett does not even deserve respect from Jake. Similar to sympathy, Jake becomes a redeemable character towards the end of his journey with Brett after the war. He clearly stands opposed to Brett who is neither sympathetic nor redeemable. During Jake’s baptism and revelation, he proves to want to redeem himself, if not to others at least to himself. He is aware that he is not the most religious man but tries to convince himself otherwise to morally feel better. Jake is Catholic and by the end of the book becomes more religious and understands the meaning of religion rather than just going through the motions at church. He values the importance of God when Brett states she does not really care for him or religion since it’s a waste of her time. Jake at least holds on to that the whole book and increases his religious activities and symbolism towards the end. Not only does Jake morally and mentally redeem himself but he also redeems his time wasted on Brett. One of their last interactions Jake unmistakably communicates his annoyance and irritation with Brett, â€Å" ‘You like to eat, don’t you? ’ she said. ‘Yes,’ I said. ‘I like to do a lot of things. ’ â€Å" (250). Jake becomes fed up with Brett’s constant lack of acknowledgement that he is always there for her and not some one to use when her love life is not thriving. He grows tired of constant games and realizes there is nothing left for them together. After more small talk is exchanged between the two, Jake is ready to let her go for good and finally gains enough confidence that everything will be okay with out Brett. Brett tries to make herself sound more appealing to Jake by explaining, â€Å"it makes one feel rather good deciding not to be a bitch† (249). Other than making the decision to not be a bitch, Brett makes no other attempt to redeem herself or acknowledge that she played with Jake’s feelings and ruined part of his life for holding on to him for such a long time. She cannot get over her self absorption to realize she messes with men for her own benefit whether it be money or sex, and doesn’t care who she hurts along the way, mainly Jake. There is no evidence that she is a redeemable, sympathetic or a caring character. Although she has issues because she, too, is considered the lost generation, that does not give her the right to act above everyone else and hurt Jake. Jake also traumatized by the war does not use women to make Brett jealous or ever hurts her. He is always there when he is needed to support her dramatic lifestyle. Brett has no compassion for anyone but herself therefore making her unredeemable and Jake redeemable. Although each stories have their differences in almost all aspects there is one overall main point: the lost generation was hopeless and it was a difficult time for those people. Each book expresses the same bigger picture but is differently executed. Jake’s tone which represents the overall feel of the book communicates the idea of a ghostly and missing man looking for a happier path in life to escape his sadness and pain. He rarely finds little pleasures and mostly describes scenes as dark or dark imagery, only a few times is light mentioned when redemption or renewal of a character is occurring. Paul’s description of the war gives off a more pessimistic tone as he always comes back to the idea that the lost generation has nothing to return to at home. However he finds simple pleasures more enjoyable and tries to make the most of them. Both characters portray a sense of despair and loss of direction in life but differently executed. Hemingway chooses to exhibit his characters as striving to change their lives while Remarque’s turns negatively towards death and meaninglessness. Hemingway does not refer to the war but instead barely mentions it or Jake will see military like actions between people symbolizing the war and the lost generation. The fact that Hemingway does not mention the war, yet the book is about war, further proves that in Hemingway’s writing, what is not being said is more important. The tone is important to both novels to relay the same message but entirely different outcomes and themes. The lost generation was a sad hopeless group of veterans who, if not killed, had to aimlessly go through life feeling like there was no purpose or they didn’t belong. Hemingway and Remarque’s classic novels illustrate the hard times during and after the war and the many similarities that are present. How to cite The Lost Generation, Papers

Reflection of Weekly Lectures for Design Thinking- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReflection of Weekly Lectures for Design Thinking. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this report is to emphasize the facts that I have learnt in twelve weekly classes and present a critical analysis on the design it subject. I have thoroughly presented the outline of learning that I have gathered in the classes. Each paragraph in the following describes one or two weeks learning and my thoughts about the knowledge. Reflection: The very first class was like an introductory class in which I met with the professor, new friends and introduced to the topics that I was going to learn in next eleven weeks. Earlier I was unknown with the topics as it happens to everyone in a new class but after the professor introduces the topics my excitements started taking pace. All the topics were exciting and I was feeling enthusiastic to learn all those topics. The first class was about what we were about to do and professor was successful in accomplishing that and I was well aware with the grouping system, unit assessments, Moodle, reading material and rest of the things the lecturer was trying to teach us. My biggest strength was that I learnt what I have to do and I had already estimated my goals that were to represent my own design thinking innovation and problems in front of everyone. Next class was about the concepts related to the design processes that helped me in learning that design process is an approach that could be helpful for me in problem solving capability. The concept of the class was very familiar to me or everyone in the class that was human needs that helped me in gaining confidence of tackling the problems or obstacles that might rise in future related to the business. My biggest strength in this class was that I get to know about the categories in which the design process has been classified and that were ideate, empathize, define (the problem), test, prototype, etc. This lecture class helped me understanding how much design process can be beneficial for me in manner to jump over the obstacles that could be complex in nature or not defined properly, or it might be unknown and reach the goal that has been settled by me earlier. Followed by these two weeks there was the arrival of new topic design theory, which nothing but the theories and models related to the underlying practices that involved in the design thinking process. I learnt about the specific nature of the design thinking and how to implement those in the real life for reflecting my own entrepreneurial innovative thoughts and designer mindsets. The biggest strength for me in this class was that I learnt how to write a blog in a correct way and how to give my reflection of critical analysis and learning over the blogs that was created by me. After that class I believed in myself that I can also write the blog and reflection writing and I have tried to put everything into this reflection report that I have learned in that class. After a long awaited week I again got the opportunity to learn something new that was about Design problem in which we were appreciated to learn about the facts related to the problem findings. I had also learnt about the various tools that could be beneficial in collecting the data and information related to the problem finding such as brainstorming, visualization, and spotting the obvious. My biggest strength in this class was the brainstorming that in found to be the most emphasizing tool that can be helpful in finding the problems and give them a path to be solved by certain measures in better and easy manner. I am now able to find problems that might affect in the future approaches and looking forward to practice the brainstorming tool in the real world. This class also taught me how to work in a group and I learnt how to motivate the team. Fifth week was the most exciting class in which the lecturer taught us about the journey mapping, research analysis with respect to the competition in the market and mind mapping. Both of these activities were main strength for me in this class in which I learned about the process of analyzing the data and information related to the competitive company and compare within own innovative thoughts and ideas. Practical demonstration was very good as discussed by the lecturer however I tried match upto his level and draw an analysis report on the Samsung Company and learned how to research on any organization. Journey mapping was the crucial objective of this analysis and rest of the lectures in this class. I have learned that the main concept behind this class was establish my current practices or experiences, visualizing the experiences that might be possible and visualize the prototypes for the new idea. All the classes where little bit independent of each other but in the earlier this week was seemed to be dependent on the fifth week. However, this was again a new learning for me which I get to know about how to create the situations by using instances of prototype based on the situation that might arise as obstacle in future. I learnt how to discriminate between the criteria related to the business and thoughts of the customers while considering the facts from both the sides of the consumers and the service or product providers. Biggest strength for me in this class was to understand the various strategies that have been involved in the prototyping that can be listed as: story boarding, story depicting, encompassing and many others. Eighth class make me understanding the aspects of launch and the importance of processes related to the launch process. My biggest strength in this report was to understand the facts related to the unsuccessful launch and I am looking forward to not make such mistakes that could lead the launch to a failure. Brainstorming was again topic for this class that helped me indifferent way in understanding that how I can empower my innovative thoughts through considering the ideas presented by different individuals. It is very important for me to understand the importance of launch designing and launch defining for any project. Other positivity came into me when I learned about the knowledge of safe launch and related objectives that could make the launch successful. I also understand that the most important fact for a successful launch is hidden in limiting the boundaries for the launch. This week was very important for me in the field of marketing. This lecture introduces me the overview of the market and makes me capable of conceptualizing the facts related to the usage of personas in design thinking. The biggest strength that this class provided to me is the confidence that I can now present innovative ideas that could be helpful in tackle the competitive market and bring the organization at the top in the competitive market. Another fact that was considerable according to me was the fact that customers always tend to put emphasis on understanding particularly to the concept of data. As we were moving forward the class become more exciting and it added my excitement when the lecturer introduces the topic for the class design entrepreneurial fundraising campaigns. This lecture provides me the knowledge of approaches that could be implemented into the fundraising events from the angle of business, grant providers (donors), crowd-funding and many other facts. The biggest learning in this class for me was bootstrapping, which was a completely new subject for me that deals with the approaches to save money which could have same value as that of cash. Another important objective of this class was the segmentation of the market into different categories that are: psychographic, geographic, and demographic. In next two weeks I get to know about the facts related to designing myself that focuses on increasing my personality development through implementing the objective that I have been gathering from the earlier lectures. Looking backward activities was my biggest learning that I learnt from the class. Moving forward next week I learnt about the design o future in which the future aspects have been discussed by the lecturer. After these classes I am ready to implement these findings and learning in the real world. Conclusion: Based on the above reflection it can be concluded that I have reflected my learning and critical analysis of the knowledge that I have gained o these twelve weeks. Following is an action plan describing how I will implement these activities in next six months: Action Steps Responsibilities Timeline Resources Potential Barriers First step: Revising the lecture note thoroughly that I had created during the classes. Making stick notes carefully 90 days Bjgvinsson, E., Ehn, P., Hillgren, P. A. (2012). Design things and design thinking: Contemporary participatory design challenges.Design Issues,28(3), 101-116. It was a very vast chapter Second step: Collected different knowledge and data other than notes Surfing Web 30 days Meinel, C., Leifer, L. (2012). Design thinking research. InDesign Thinking Research(pp. 1-10). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. There were lots of content Third step: Learning the basic concepts about design thinking Comparing the internet contents and class notes 15 days Scheer, A., Noweski, C., Meinel, C. (2012). Transforming constructivist learning into action: Design thinking in education.Design and Technology Education: An International Journal,17(3). Little complex Fourth Step: Concluding the learnings Developing ideas 15 days Pourdehnad, J., Wexler, E. R., Wilson, D. V. (2012). Systems design thinking: A conceptual framework for their integration. ? ,4(6). Fifth step: Publishing blogs Writing a perfect blog 30 days Kimbell, L. (2011). Rethinking design thinking: Part I.Design and Culture,3(3), 285-306. Language was the concern Bibliography: Ambrose, G., Harris, P. (2016).Design Thinking: Coleo Design Bsico. Bookman Editora. Brjesson, S., Elmquist, M., Hooge, S. (2014). The challenges of innovation capability building: Learning from longitudinal studies of innovation efforts at Renault and Volvo Cars.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,31, 120-140. Carlgren, L. (2013).Design thinking as an enabler of innovation: Exploring the concept and its relation to building innovation capabilities. Chalmers University of Technology. Carlgren, L., Elmquist, M., Rauth, I. (2014). Design thinking: exploring values and effects from an innovation capability perspective.The Design Journal,17(3), 403-423. Carlgren, L., Elmquist, M., Rauth, I. (2016). The Challenges of Using Design Thinking in IndustryExperiences from Five Large Firms.Creativity and Innovation Management,25(3), 344-362. Dos, B., Demir, S. (2013). The analysis of the blogs created in a blended course through the reflective thinking perspective.Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice,13(2), 1335-1344. Hsu, Y. C., Ching, Y. H., Grabowski, B. L. (2014). Web 2.0 applications and practices for learning through collaboration. InHandbook of research on educational communications and technology(pp. 747-758). Springer New York. Johansson?Skldberg, U., Woodilla, J., etinkaya, M. (2013). Design thinking: past, present and possible futures.Creativity and Innovation Management,22(2), 121-146. Landoni, P., Dell'Era, C., Ferraloro, G., Peradotto, M., Karlsson, H., Verganti, R. (2016). Design Contribution to the Competitive Performance of SMEs: The Role of Design Innovation Capabilities.Creativity and Innovation Management,25(4), 484-499. Le Glatin, M., Le Masson, P., Weil, B. (2016, October). Measuring the generative power of an organisational routine with design theories: the case of design thinking in a large firm. In6th CIM Community Workshop-25th Anniversary of the Creativity and Innovation Management journal. Liedtka, J. (2015). Perspective: Linking design thinking with innovation outcomes through cognitive bias reduction.Journal of Product Innovation Management,32(6), 925-938. Mootee, I. (2013).Design thinking for strategic innovation: What they can't teach you at business or design school. John Wiley Sons. Muratovski, G. (2015). Paradigm shift: Report on the new role of design in business and society.She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation,1(2), 118-139. Noble, C. H., Durmusoglu, S. S. (2015).Design thinking: new product development essentials from the PDMA. John Wiley Sons. Norman, D. A., Verganti, R. (2014). Incremental and radical innovation: Design research vs. technology and meaning change.Design issues,30(1), 78-96. Noweski, C., Scheer, A., Bttner, N., von Thienen, J., Erdmann, J., Meinel, C. (2012). Towards a paradigm shift in education practice: Developing twenty-first century skills with design thinking. InDesign thinking research(pp. 71-94). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. O'Connor, E., McDonald, F., Ruggiero, M. (2014). Scaffolding complex learning: Integrating 21st century thinking, emerging technologies, and dynamic design and assessment to expand learning and communication opportunities.Journal of Educational Technology Systems,43(2), 199-226. Robert, G., Cornwell, J., Locock, L., Purushotham, A., Sturmey, G., Gager, M. (2015). Patients and staff as codesigners of healthcare services.Bmj,350, g7714. Roth, S., Schneckenberg, D., Tsai, C. W. (2015). The ludic drive as innovation driver: Introduction to the gamification of innovation.Creativity and Innovation Management,24(2), 300-306.

The winslow boy Essay Example

The winslow boy Paper It is about justice because all Ronnies father Arthur wants is justice and to save the family pride and name from looking bad. He doesnt want people thinking his family are thieves. Secondly it is about innocence, Arthur is trying so hard to prove that his son is innocent he really does believe Ronnie that he didnt steal the postal order and wont stop until the judge agrees he is innocent. The play begins in the drawing room of the Winslows house in court field gardens, south Kensington. It is a time just before the war 1914-1918 it is Sunday morning. In act 1 scene 1 the book is all about Ronnie when he first gets back from his school expelled. He has a letter from his school principal explaining why which he must give to his parents to read, but he doesnt. When he comes home from school he speaks to the maid he tells her that term has ended and then goes and hides in the garden from his parents with the letter so as they wont spot him. His parents get back from church and he is still stood in the garden it is now raining. Ronnie can see that his parents are having a conversation in the kitchen through the French windows in the garden. We will write a custom essay sample on The winslow boy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The winslow boy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The winslow boy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When he finally goes in he explains what has happened to his mother she believes he is innocent. You also find out in the first part of the book that they are a very well to do middle class family. Arthur, Ronnies father is a very proud and respectful man who likes people to think good of him and his family, hes a bit bossy and expects his wife grace to do what he pleases. Grace Winslow is Ronnies mother she is very faithful to her husband, she keeps the children educated and makes sure they are well behaved. She does what Arthur tells her. Catherine Winslow, Ronnies sister is a very independent and strong-minded girl who is in love with John and respects her family. Dickie is Ronnies older brother who likes to concentrate more on girls and music than studying for his degree, hes a very nice kind person. John Watherstone is in love with Catherine and his preparing to ask her father Arthur for her hand in marriage. Ronnie Winslow is the lead role in the play he is a clever young student of Osborne naval academy. His school has accused him of doing something very bad, but we do not know what yet, in the first scene. He however claims insistently he didnt do this to his mother and father after they read the letter that was sent home for them to read. His parents are not sure whether to believe him. Ronnies father Arthur says to Ronnie in the first scene Ronnie in this letter it says you stole a 5 shilling postal order. Now I dont want your to say a word until youve heard what Ive got to say. If you did it, you must tell me. I shant be angry with you, Ronnie-provided you tell me the truth. But if you tell me a lie, I shall know it, because a lie between you and me cant be hidden. I shall know it, Ronnie so remember that before you speak. Did you steal this postal order? No father I didnt replied Ronnie. Arthur now believes Ronnie that he is innocent and did not steal the postal order, he gets his solicitors then to take the matter up with the Lords Of Admiralty and demanded the fullest possible enquiry, but he was met with a blank refusal, and only finally got permission to view the evidence. His solicitors then decided that the evidence was unsatisfactory, and fully justified the re-opening of proceedings. They applied to the Admiralty for a court Martial. They were ignored. They applied for a civil trial and again they were ignored. But after tremendous pressure had been bought to bear-letters to the papers, questions in the house and other means open to private citizens of the country-the Admiralty eventually agreed to what they called an independent enquiry. However he was found guilty again thus branded for the second time a thief. Arthur does not give in he keeps fighting to clear Ronnies name. The court case has an impact upon the whole family especially Arthur who is now is really upset about the whole thing. The public attitude toward the case is that it is worthless, there are more important issues to be discussed than the case of a fourteen-year-old boy who had been accused of sealing a 5-shilling postal order, because looming in the background, was the growing inevitability of what would later be called The Great War, Much of the play centres on whether Arthur should carry on the fight to clear Ronnies name its is costing him a lot of money and he might not be able to continue. He tells Dickie that unfortunately he is going to have to stop going to oxford after the end of his second year Dickie understands but admits that it is a bit of a slap in the face. Much of the scene is building up to the visit by Sir Robert Morton, a very successful barrister, who is coming to interview Ronnie. He is a very expensive and well known for never having lost a case before in his career. Catherine doesnt like him and I cold towards him when he arrives at the house. The scene finishes with Sir Robert interrogating Ronnie he speaks with high authority. Robert asks question after question to which Ronnie has to justify himself. Ronnie gives long answers compared to Sir Robertss short questions. Sir Roberts talks as if he is in court using legal phrases Ronnie I would like the truth. That is the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth. The audience doesnt know whether to feel sorry for Ronnie or not. Ronnie is feeling upset, frustrated and confused, if he did steal the postal order then he obviously deserves it but at this part of the book we are still unsure whether he did or not.

Titanic Outline,Paper& Essays - Canada, United Kingdom, Free Essays

Titanic Outline,Paper& Essays - Canada, United Kingdom, Free Essays Titanic Outline,Paper& Bibliography Outline In retrospect, blame for the sinking of the Titanic can be placed on the inferior materials used by the ship builder, the misled motivation of Captain Smith and the White Star Line, and the poor emergency provisions and procedures. I. Situations surrounding the sinking of Titanic A. Who operated the Titanic B. Events of April C. Extent of loss II. Titanic sets sail A. Description of ship 1. Ship builder 2. Materials used 3. Outfitting the ship B. The maiden voyage III. The iceberg A. False sense of security by crew B. The sighting C. The correction D. The hit IV. Saving the passengers A. Women and children B. First class passengers C. Other class passengers V. In retrospect A. Causes of the disaster Titanic - The Ship of Destiny The Royal Mail Ship Titanic, better known as the RMS Titanic, was the second Olympic-class ship built by the White Star Line. She was built between the years of 1909 and 1911 and was touted as unsinkable by her owners and the press because of her watertight compartments. The RMS Titanic left Great Britain on her maiden voyage on April 10, 1912 under the command of Captain Edward J. Smith. On the night of Sunday, April 14, at 11:40 p.m., the ship struck an iceberg. Of the 2,227 passengers on board, only 705 survived. The White Star Line was owned by J.P. Morgan, an American financier, at the time of the Titanic disaster. Morgan purchased the company in 1902 from J. Bruce Ismay who retained the titles of Directorship and Chairman and Managing Director of the company. When J. Bruce Ismay . . . picked out her name, he had no idea how famous it would become. He named the ship Titanic. (RMS Titanic) What was to be the greatest ship in the world would become one of the greatest tragedies the world had seen. In retrospect, blame for the sinking of the Titanic can be placed on the inferior materials used by the ship builder, the misled motivation of Captain Smith and the White Star Line, and the poor emergency provisions and procedures. The White Star Line contracted with a ship building company named Harland and Wolff to build the grandest ship in the world. The ship was designed by the White Star Line to be a marvel of modern of safety technology. Titanic was 883 feet long, 92 feet wide, and weighed 46,328 tons. She was 104 feet tall from keel to bridge, almost 35 feet of which were below the waterline. She had four smoke stacks, one of which was a dummy stack simply used to increase the impression of her gargantuan size. She had a double hull of one-inch-thick steel plates and a system of sixteen watertight compartments, sealed by massive doors that could be instantly triggered by a single electric switch on the bridge. Electric water sensors could also activate these doors. Her accommodations were the most modern and luxurious on any ocean. The Titanic's amenities included electric lights and heat in every room, electric elevators, a swimming pool, a squash court, a Turkish Bath, a gymnasium with a mechanical horse and mechanical camel to keep riders fit, and staterooms and first class facilities that would rival the best hotels in the world. A six-story, glass-domed grand staircase led first class passengers to a sumptuous dining room where they would enjoy the best cuisine. Even the third class (steerage) cabins were more luxurious than the first class cabins on some lesser steamships. The original design of the Titanic called for 32 lifeboats. The White Star Line management felt that the boat-deck would look cluttered and reduced the number to 20, which would provide a total lifeboat capacity of around 1,178. This actually exceeded regulations of the time, even though Titanic was capable of carrying over 3500 passengers. On April 10, 1912, the Titanic set sail for New York on her maiden voyage. She would stop at Cherbourg, France and Queenstown, Southern Ireland before heading across the Atlantic Ocean. Over the next three days, it was a regular voyage with passengers of all classes enjoying the luxury of the Titanic. Captain Smith, Bruce Ismay of the White Star Line, and Thomas Andrews of Harland and Wolff walked around the ship noting any flaws. Titanic's maiden voyage was to be Captain Smith's

Diet and Digestion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Diet and Digestion - Essay Example These include monosaccharaides, disaccharides and polysaccharides (BRYNIE 2002, pg14). Proteins mainly aid in replenishing worn out tissues and are composed of strings of amino acids. On the other hand, fats, responsible for tendon maintenance can be grouped into saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids such as the omega 3 and omega 6 constitute building blocks of the body (JACOB 2013, pg22). The 13 different types of vitamins and minerals such as calcium and potassium constitute the micro nutrients necessary for body function. They can be obtained from the main diet or other sources. Breakfast: cereal, fresh fruit juice, ripe banana. Lunch: boiled pasta, steamed broccoli, fried fish fillet, nuts such as wall nuts or ground nuts and water (a few minutes after meal). Diner deep fried chicken, vegetable and fruit salad, fried fresh spinach and water (a few minutes after meal). Breakfast: oatmeal, banana, fresh fruit juice. Brunch: egg sandwich, 3 medium mango slices, hot beverage. Lunch Swanson chicken dumplings, mango slice or pineapple slice, fried rice and peas stew. Diner: spaghetti, meat balls and steamed broccoli. It is recommended that on daily basis, the meals of elderly patients should include five to twelve portions of grains, five to ten portions of vegetables and fruits, three portions lactose products and three servings of alternatives of meat or meat itself In simplest terms, the process of digestion is the only way in which nutrients and foods can be broken down and absorbed as useful energy or beneficiary compounds in the human body. For this purpose, digestion plays a more pivotal role in overall human health and development than most individuals would otherwise indicate. Without this vital and pivotal process, essential nutrients and energy could not be broken down and ultimately passed along into the bloodstream

Week 10 Assignment 5.2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Week 10 Assignment 5.2 - Essay Example In Asia Pacific alone, the industry is seeing a rapid growth in air travel demand. (Kollau, R., 2011) In the western part of the world, Southwest Airlines is one of the leaders in low-cost carriers. (Jones, C., 2012) The company registered a net income of $421 million in 2012 with over 3,000 flights daily. (Southwest, 2013) With the demand for low-cost air travel increasing, airline companies are coming up with ways to get their share of consumers to stay in business. Although Southwest Airlines is still earning revenue (S.D., 2011), it should not be complacent and should continue to look for ways to keep making income. One method is to acquire a bigger aircraft which could accommodate more passengers but at the same time be cost-efficient. Comparisons and projections were made between the efficiency of Southwest Airlines’ existing fleet and a new fleet inclusive of the Boeing 737-900ER, by far the biggest aircraft in the series. (Boeing, 2013) Data was gathered from the websites of Boeing and Southwest Airlines. With the inclusion of AirTran’s planes which Southwest acquired in May 2011, Southwest Airlines had operated 694 Boeing jets by the end of 31 December 2012. (Southwest, 2013) This is equivalent to a combined seating capacity of 94,310. Figure 1 shows the breakdown of airplane type, number of aircrafts per type and the seats per aircraft. The Boeing 737-900ER replaced the 737-900 between 1997 and 2003. It is the latest model in the 737 series and can carry up to 180 passengers or up to 220 passengers depending on the layout. (Boeing, 2013) Figure 2 shows the additional seating capacity of the Southwest Airlines fleet with the Boeing 737-900ER. With a significantly lower operating cost, the 737-900ER is capable of going to 96% of the route of an obsolete but popular Boeing model, the 757. (Media, 2013) The newer model has been in demand in the industry ever since its

Persuasive Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Persuasive Speech - Essay Example I also Monitored student achievement and provided solutions for remediation if needed. I was also an adolescent advisor. My responsibility as a student counselor or advisor was to provide guidance to build leadership qualities within an alternative school setting for staff and vulnerable and at-risk youth that focuses on alliance with other members of the interdisciplinary treatment team. I was also responsible for evaluating the education budget as well as expenditures. I also implemented an effective discipline and attendance policy which improved retention by 25%. This was done in response to a declining class attendance and performance. I established various learning communities and groups in order to promote personalized learning in an environment contributing to growth and development of young minds. As we all know that cultural diversity and sense of community is part of the way world works it was important for me to impart such knowledge to the children in a collective form rather than individually teaching them these lessons. These communities were a success especially because the diversity, innovation and creativeness of different students were shared and everyone helped one another to find their own self and develop an individualistic attitude with an open minded perspective towards others. I also assisted in building partnerships with other schools and agencies within the state to produce opportunities to enhance education, performance and evaluation of students, this open communication allowed the free flow of knowledge and intelligence. I believe that in order to teach children properly you need to devise proper, organized set of steps to lead you towards success. I designed developed and implemented a curricula to meet the diverse learning needs of students which required writing original curricula and modifying existing curricula to meet the individual learning needs and demographic characteristics of the student. I believe in developing and implementing programs that encourage academic excellence and in order to achieve this intelligence a curricula that addresses to individual and diverse needs is very important, this is why I was motivated to work on such an assignment. I selected and worked out suitable individualized instructional plans, guides and materials which focused on skills and techniques necessary for the attainment of a high school diplomas or equivalent degrees in reading, decoding and comprehension; spelling, grammar and English composition; interpreting literature, science and social studies; basic mathematic skills, algebra and geometry, tables and graphs, problem solving, and social skills when deemed appropriate. I also selected, ordered, and used a wide diversity of instructional materials based on the needs of the students and according to their abilities including self-study, programmed materials, and media, etc. As a teacher, it is very important to keep track of the progress of your students so that it is easy to detect if any student if falling behind or if any extra work is required for the benefit of the entire class Therefore I developed a record-keeping system to organize and track student progress through the identified course work, modified the curriculum and carefully selected and created text materials, techniques or a combination of both whenever students

Examining The Important Business Of ERP Implementation Information Technology Essay

Examining The Important Business Of ERP Implementation Information Technology Essay Enterprise resource planning systems, also called enterprise systems (ES) are among the most important business information technologies that emerged during the last decade. While no two industries ERP systems are the same, the basic concept of ERP systems is focused on standardization and synchronization of information, and as a result, improved efficiency. The benefits of ERP systems include Coordinating processes and information Reducing carrying costs Decreasing cycle time, and Improving responsiveness to customer needs The decision to implement an ERP system is not made lightly. It is expensive, and it usually takes eighteen to twenty-four months to implement from the start of the process to when the first function goes live. A complete suite of functions going live can take three to four years, or more. ERP Implementation Without successful implementation of the ERP system, the projected benefits of improved productivity and competitive advantage would not be forthcoming. This creates trade off for decision makers to find causes and to manage the consequences. Literature suggests that adoption and implementation depends upon various factors during the course of initiation to benefits realization. These factors are influential and hence their understanding is critical to success. Critical Success Factors The following table presents 19 CSFs extracted from the literature and their dominant perspectives that are identified as imperative for successful ERP adoption and implementation. For example, Top Management factor is related to the stakeholders; therefore, it should be implemented by focusing on the Stakeholders perspective of ERP. These factors have been arranged in order of their importance in relation to each of the perspectives. ERP Implementation Critical Success Factors ERP Perspectives Critical Success Factors Importance Stakeholders Top management commitment High Project Champion High Execution Team High External advisory support Medium Vendor Partnership Low Total end-user involvement Low Process Business Process Design High Customization approach Medium Performance measurement and control Low Technology Package requirements and selection Medium System Testing Low Organisation Change Management High Effective Communication High Business vision goals and objectives High Training and education Medium Organisational structure and culture Low Project Project Management High Budget-cost parameters Low Time Low Critical Failure Factors ERP has been implemented all over the world by many companies but their high failure rates suggest that understanding and implementing ERP is a challenging task. The following nine factors are found to be critical in the failure of ERP implementations (A. Momoh, R. Roy, E. Shehab, 2010) Excessive customization Dilemma of internal integration Poor understanding of business implications and requirements Lack of change management Poor data quality Misalignment of IT with business Hidden costs Limited training Lack of top management support Challenges in ERP Implementation There may be various reasons for such rejection or unsuccessful conclusion to ERP adoption as discussed below Management may not be clear about the needs and requirement of IT system such as ERP that why and how they are adopting it or whether such a capital investment is needed or not. A mismatch is created because most of the times managers do not understand the integration between their core business, IT processes, and firms positioning; they may not know about the role that IT can play to their organisations. Management of the firm may not know that these new IT systems can bring multiple synergies or benefits to their company. Firms may not have resources like access, skills, capabilities or dynamic capabilities to generate any tangible output from these systems. Globally operating organisations many times use single ERP solution for all its subsidiaries. This can lead to problems in local subsidiaries such as over budget and time resources spending, lack of technical expertise and compromises in business process. Many firms are not able to leverage already implemented ERP systems for exploiting new business opportunities arising with latest market developments. This creates falsehood of ERP being not successful especially to the top management. Primary focus on adoption and implementation often neglects post-implementation maintenance and support from an early stage after roll out in the life cycle. ERP Integration The benefits of an ERP application are limited unless it is seamlessly integrated with other information systems. Organizations face many challenges in ERP integration The challenges of integrating various functional ERP modules The challenge of integration with other e-business software applications The challenge of integration with legacy systems. The success of ERP implementation is the success of ERP integration. Integration of ERP Modules Packaged ERP software consists of many functional modules (production planning, inventory control, financial and HR). Organizations tend to install modules from the same ERP vendors in the initial ERP implementation. Not all companies will purchase all ERP modules from a single ERP vendor (SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft etc.). The implementation of ERP systems could last many years. The integration of ERP modules could be either the integration of modules from different vendors, or the different versions of the modules from the same vendor. Integration of E-Business Applications E-business practice is the combination of strategies, technologies and processes to electronically coordinate both internal and external business processes, and manage enterprise-wide resources. E-business software systems generally fall into four categories: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Knowledge Management (KM). To get the most out of ERP systems, ERP should be tightly integrated with other e-business software Supply Chain systems, CRM, knowledge management, B2B exchange and ecommerce storefront on the Internet. Integration with Legacy Systems Over the years, legacy systems have accumulated vast amount of data vital to the survival, operations, and expansion of corporations and non-profit organizations. Integration of ERP systems with legacy systems is more complex than the integration of ERP modules and Integration of e-business Applications. It routinely requires the installation of third-party interface software for the communication between ERP software systems and legacy systems. Second generation ERP systems use relational database management systems (RDBMS) to store enterprise data. Data conversion from legacy systems to RDBMS is a often a time-consuming and tedious process. While most interface software provides API for ERP to access legacy systems, some vendors offer integration module that automates or accelerates the transformation of legacy application logic and data into reusable components with XML, SOAP, J2EE and .NET interfaces. Cost of ERP Implementation According to any accounting method, ERP investments are among the largest single concentrated investments in dollars and human resources in most industrial organisations. An ERP implementation generally has three cost phases Acquisition Implementation, and Post-implementation Acquisition Costs Initial planning and acquisition costs are a real part of ERP implementation costs. Most of these initial costs fall in the area of human resource expenses (people) due to the amount of time key staff must dedicate to carefully analyzing the need for an ERP system, making a decision to pursue the implementation, and then planning for it. Implementation Costs Once the decision is made to implement an ERP system, the development of the implementation budget can begin in earnest. A realistically developed and funded implementation budget that covers all components and aspects of the project ensures as smooth a process as possible and lessens to some degree the stress an ERP implementation places on staff. An appropriate budget will minimize the surprises of unexpected costs and the abrupt search for funds to cover these costs. The following are the major cost components of an ERP system implementation Cost of new hardware: One major cost, usually, is the cost of new hardware, including network infrastructure, database servers, application servers, Web servers, disks, load-balancing switch, and storage and disaster recovery devices. Cost of additional hardware: The more people there are who use the system on a daily basis, the more application servers will be needed. A quick response time requires more application servers, more memory, and a faster processor speed, among other components. To avoid system downtime, redundant database servers are needed to provide automatic backup when one server malfunctions. The cost of additional hardware must be balanced with how much the organization wants the new system to improve client services and business processes. Software licensing costs: Software licensing costs include the ERP vendor software package and any third-party software the organization decides to include as part of the initial implementation. The ERP vendor software includes the functional software for human resources and student records as well as all the software components required to run the new system, including the database, system tools, operating systems, compilers, and network and integration software. Third party software is often purchased to enhance the functionality of the system. Software maintenance cost: The majority of ERP vendors include a software maintenance cost component in their contracts. These maintenance costs generally vary between 18 and 24 percent of the initial licensing cost, depending on the level of maintenance the organisation requires. Software maintenance fees typically cover software patches, new releases, vendor help-desk support, user mailing list servers, and the right to attend a vendors user conference. Hardware maintenance fees: Hardware maintenance fees are similar to software maintenance fees and cover many of the same support services that software maintenance fees cover, for example, vendor help desk, user mailing list servers, and patches and upgrades to operating systems. In addition, organisations should build in hardware replacement costs as part of the ongoing budget. The life cycle for most hardware is three years. Staffing costs: A third significant cost associated with implementing an ERP system is staffing. To fully staff a project an organisation must consider internal staff assigned to the project (some think of internal staff as an indirect budget cost), backfill for these staff positions, and vendor or other outside consultants. The staffing needs of the implementation must be fully understood and proactive approaches to potential staffing problems must be taken. Training Costs: Training project implementation staff on a new system is vital if the new system is to meet the institutions implementation objectives. Vendor consultants usually provide hands-on training for key functional users and technical support staff. The cost of this training is usually included under consultant costs in the budget. Customisation Costs: Customization of vendor software generally adds significant cost to an ERP implementation, and it is a cost that will repeat itself every time there is a new release of the software. Organisations must carefully consider the implications of customizing vendor software. Post Implementation Costs Staffing costs are associated with every patch, fix, new release, or new version of the system. If any modification was made to the underlying code, the code has to be recreated every time a new release or version is installed. As mentioned previously, there are ongoing software costs (such as when a new database is released, upgrades are made to operating systems and networking systems, or new third-party software is installed). Additionally, there are ongoing hardware costs as hardware is upgraded or replaced, and there are yearly hardware and software maintenance fees. Consulting fees continue as new releases and new versions of the software are implemented. Knowledge Management Issues The following table outlines the Main KM issues found in various stages of ERP adoption. Life-cycle Stage KM Issues Agenda formation When the original idea to adopt ERP is accepted, preparations were made to facilitate adoption. Team members with different knowledge backgrounds and expertise faced a challenge to externalize the embrained knowledge within the team. Developing strong internal team bonds during the early phase appeared critical in facilitating knowledge sharing and creation in later phases. Broader awareness was encourages as the wider community needed to be more actively involved during the design and adoption phases. Design Involves understanding ERP and organizational processes and fashioning a mutual fit. Team focused on accessing the embodied and embedded knowledge distributed in the wider organization to capture knowledge. There was a need to build relationships between the team and other BU members to understand the processes and improve chances that the various stakeholders would view the new ERP systems positively. The project team accessed knowledge through developing a more open network structure that facilitated wider information flow. Accessing distributed knowledge that was embodied and embedded across the organization relied on a variety of social networking activities that involved bridging with others across the organization. Implementation Involves configuring the IT system and introducing changes to organizational systems and processes. Main challenge stemmed from need to change users knowledge and encourage them to share knowledge with each other. The team managed to surface and change some of the deeply embedded and encultured collective knowledge through social interactions to remove boundaries between functions. Team integrated knowledge through mapping of information, processes and routines of the legacy systems into the ERP modules with the use of conversion templates. Team managed to encourage users, using a participative policy, to identify tacit knowledge within their work processes through informal discussions and numerous brainstorming sessions. Fostering social relationships among users was found to be crucial to the success of ERP implementation Appropriation ERP system is fully embedded within the organization so that it is accepted as a routine. A knowledge-based hub (CSC) was formed to codify some of the knowledge about ERP system use and encourage the sharing of knowledge and experiences in facilitating the ERP process. Knowledge-enabling structures contributed to the ERP systems in facilitating the development of organization memory and improving structural integration across the organization. The integration of internal and external ERP processes may create new barriers that could hinder future cross-functional knowledge integration unless prior personal relationships are established. Overcoming ERP Implementation Challenges In order to overcome the challenges and objections to ERP implementation, first and foremost, the following aspects of the system need to be carefully considered during implementation Function: The functions of the ERP system should be well defined to cover the companys necessary business functions. It is also important to choose the right software considering whether or not it can support the defined functions as well as its functionality. Subjective norm: All the members in the company should be encouraged to use the ERP system because their use can increase the companys business value and productivity. Output: To make the ERP system more useful, the company should focus more on enhancing the quality of output during its implementation, especially in management and measurement reports. Perceived ease of use: The ERP system should be easy to use. A complex system decreases usefulness, which also make users reluctant to work with. To make the system easier, many researchers recommended that it should be carefully designed to be user friendly, considering screen design, user interface, page layout, help facilities, menus, etc. Result demonstrability: The company should clearly define what positive results can be expected from the use of the ERP system before or during ERP implementation. This action can make the system more useful, and help employers understand why they should use the ERP system. In order to ensure a successful implementation of the ERP system, the following model is proposed Description of Variables in ERP Success Model Variable Explanation Output Quality of the system output including management and performance report Job relevance An individuals perception regarding the degree to which the target system is applicable to his or her job Image The degree to which use of the system is perceived to enhance ones image or status in ones social system Result demonstrability The tangibility of the results of using the system, including their observability and communicability Compatibility Quality of the system in exchanging data with other systems System reliability The degree to which the system ensures the delivery of data to the users Internal support The degree of the companys internal support for the ERP implementation project (top management support, training, and project planning) Function The functionality of the ERP software and its matching with the companys necessary business functions Consultant support The degree to which consultant support helps to make ERP implementation successful Subjective norm The persons perception that most people who are important to him think he should or should not perform the behavior in question Perceived usefulness The degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance Perceived ease of use The degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort Intention to use User behavior in intention to use and actual system use ERP benefits The degree of user satisfaction with the ERP system and Individual and organizational impacts from the ERP system Project success/progress The degree to which the implementation project was completed on time, and within the budget as initially planned Project success/quality The degree of the quality of the ERP system and matching the scope of the ERP system with the companys needs

The Impact of the Fast Food Industry on America Essay -- health, diet,

â€Å"In twentieth-century Old Earth, a fast food chain took dead cow meat, fried it in grease, added carcinogens, wrapped it in petroleum-based foam, and sold nine hundred billion units. Human beings. Go figure.† ― Dan Simmons, Hyperion Fast food is the source of obesity in America and causes health and environmental problems throughout the world. Global influences of the fast food industry are shown in the health problems in society today. The cheap production of meat and grains for the fast food industry cause harm to the environment, humans, and animals. The fast food that is consumed is not only bad for the health of people but also for the environment. The fast food industry’s extensive advertising through television, radio, newspapers, billboards, and sponsoring reach all people in a strategy to convince consumers that their food is healthy and available to everyone. Fast food menu’s are based on meat which comes from slaughtered animals that are bred solely for the fast food industry. These animals provide unhealthy, calorie filled, and chemically conditioned contents. Meat is the majority of all food poisoning incidents due to the cheap production methods to get the food to the food to the pub lic at low prices and large portions. The fast food industry causes people to consume large portions of unhealthy food that effects all aspects of life including health and environmental issues that arise from the availability of fast food. Eating unhealthy is something that is known to contribute to weight gain. Knowing what to eat and what not to eat is something most people do not take into consideration when stopping by a fast food restaurant for a convenient meal packed full of calories. Children, teens, and adults are all p... ...ollution from animal breeding and feces. The fast food industry advertises in hope to reach all people and gaining their loyalty. People use food as means to stay full, spend little money, and make themselves happy. Children and adults are all targeted with low prices, catchy songs, and kids meals. Fast food menu’s are based on meat from animals that are bred solely for fast food industries. Fast food is unhealthy, overly portioned, and not worth a life of health problems. Most consumers purchase meat that is the majority of all food poisoning incidents. Eating fast food is cheap methods to get at low prices and large portions. The fast food industry causes people to over eat unhealthy food that effects life of each other as well as animals and the environment. Health and environmental issues arise from the availability, advertisement, and production of fast food.

Nba During the 70s

The NAB of the ass greatly differs from what our expectations of today's league, especially when evaluating the background In which the players came from. Recent statistics show that more than 90% of ass's NAB players came from urban areas, but when compared to today's league only about 34% of black players come from families in financial situations (Keating). The question that needs to be asked when observing these statistics is what happened to the league or basketball In general that subsequently pushed poorer players out of the league?When analyzing what has could have caused such a shift in the makeup of the NAB we have to observe the rise in popularity of basketball as the years have gone by. Since the offs, the NAB has grown exponentially into a 43 billion dollar industry with international reach (Plunked Research) Much of this growth can be accredited to the creation of superstars during the late ass's and ass's. Along with this expansion and increase in basketball's populari ty, we find that more and more money began to be put Into basketball programs (Keating).Schools that have more access to exposable income, such as those in the suburbs, suddenly can produce better equipment, coaches and basketball programs than those in the city. Basketball camps suddenly spring up more and more with high quality ones having a larger price tag (Five Star). Today's NAB has even gone International with more and more players coming from places such as Europe. So both the expansion of the NAB and the quality of urban area schools become broader topics that should be discussed when looking at the change in the quality of NAB players backgrounds. What possibly answer could there be to why today's NAB Is made up of more well off' basketball players than it was in the ASS? Simple, It cost more money to create an NAB caliber athlete today than it did in the ass's due the increase in the Nab's popularity. To help support this stance I'd have to look at specific aspects of the NAB that have greatly affected who can become an NAB athlete. After analyzing these aspects, they will be connected to how money Is used to adjust to the changing times.Answering the question will require a great amount of research in relatively tiny aspects that have great importance in an NAB players career. For example, looking at the quality of high schools that many great NAB players graduated from and how much money the schools focused into their basketball program. Researching the surge in athletes coming from abroad should also prove as a great factor when discussing the backgrounds of NAB players both because of the difference of life outside of America and the fact that American colligate basketball player now compete with them for a spot in the draft.The Importance of basketball clinics and amps have also become more prevalent in today's world with many of those considered to be â€Å"High quality' to have tuition that is hundreds of dollars. The great Increase In salar ies of NAB players also provide a great looking glass Into why a spot on a team in the NAB would be so sought after and should be heavily researched; especially when considering that the average salary of a NAB player in the ass's was about 35,000 (20 second). Tofu Few counter arguments can be made about the idea that money NAS become a large aspect in determining who can be an NAB athlete in today's world.However, examples like Lebanon James and Derrick Rose could easily be brought up and said that since their families came from relatively less fortunate families. But players like these have to be considered outliers when considering the background of the average NAB player. Annotated Bibliography

Jung Personality Essay

Jung Personality Essay Jung Personality Essay Lakshmi Cruz Psychology of Personality MW 4:30- 5:45 Dr. Hamilton 10/15/2014 How did Jung define synchronicity, and how did he use this concept in his theory? Describe how synchronicity has played a major role in your life. Synchronicity Have you ever dreamt or thought of someone and then that person would suddenly appear or call you? While some would call this a coincidence, Carl Jung would relate this to the idea of synchronicity. Synchronicity is a meaningful coincidence. The two events do not have to be related to one another, but the two events must be independent on their own. When put together the experiences are very important for the individual. For example, a person is walking down the street thinking about their financial problems, and while they are walking they find a ten dollar bill on the ground. Synchronicity is the combination of two individual experiences coming together in a meaningful way. Synchronicity, one could say, is one of the most abstract concepts of Jung’s theory. Carl Jung truly valued the power of human thoughts. The collective unconscious, the most important part of the psyche according to Jung, is the idea that all humans have access to this library of fragmented memories and knowledge of human history. For example, we often times tend to lower our stature and soften our voices when we encounter a child. We were never taught to do so, but Jung would argue that we resolve to this form of behavior because it is part of our human history and that form of behavior was sparked by our collective unconscious. Not only is the collective unconscious constantly being added to, it also seeks out outward manifestations. If the contents of the collective unconscious are being ignored in consciousness, it will manifest itself into dreams or fantasies. We tend to categorize innovator as daydreamers because it is not uncommon for someone to reach a breakthrough with their ideas while dreaming or fantasizing. Jung would argue that their breakthroughs were not a result of their dreams, but it was a result of their creative unconscious manifesting itself through a different outlet. If the collective unconscious is this mystical, abstract force that connects all beings through thoughts, then couldn’t we use it to communicate with one another through thoughts? Although we cannot use the collective unconscious like we would use a cellphone, it sometimes appears as if we can manipulate the collective unconscious. They say that if you are unable to fall asleep it is because you are present in someone else’s dream. If the collective unconscious is constantly being added to, maybe we are able to sense what direction the new information is coming from when it has to do with ourselves. One could argue that synchronicity is the reaction of being able to manifest the information in the collective unconscious. So when you receive that text message from your ex just as soon as you were done thinking about them, they were manifesting that lack of connection in the collective unconscious and the two experiences (when you stopped thinking about your ex, and the e x sending the message) become a synchronistic experience. I have never been the type of person who has to work hard to get something they want. For some reason things always seem to work out for me. Earlier this week I had been thinking about how nice it would be if I didn’t have to pay for any of my food. I went pretty in depth with this idea while I was at work. When I finally left to take my lunch, I walked down to the food court and tried to decide what I wanted to eat. Although I do not usually get subway, I did that day. As it turns out, they were not able to charge me for my meal because they were having technical difficulties. The next day, at work, one of my co-workers kindly bought all of us pizza. At that point I was getting a little

Free Essays on Managing Product Safety - The Ford Pinto

CASE: Managing Product Safety: The Ford Pinto I. LEGAL CASE ANALYSIS A. Facts In 1960 Ford Motors produced the first American compact car, the Ford Falcon. In 1964 the Ford Mustang followed, gaining wide favor as a sports car â€Å"for the masses.† Ford executives believed that foreign imports posed a threat to its position in the small car market, and it did not have a sub-compact model to compete with the foreign models. In 1967, Lee Iacocca became president of Ford Motors and directed development of the Ford Pinto, which was released in 1970. The Pinto rapidly gained acceptance and after 6 years over 2 million units had been sold, a company best-seller. The design and planning process for the Pinto was fast-tracked, with an ultimate development time of 38 months exceeding the average time of 43 months. The decision was made to install the gas tank as a strap-on unit under the rear floor pan and behind the rear axle. Late in the design process, however, an engineering study had determined that the safest place for a fuel tank was directly above the rear axle. However, such as design would require a circuitous filler pipe likely to be dislodged in an accident as well as raise the center of gravity thus affecting handling, causing an overall decrease in safety in the opinion of senior engineers. Additionally, such a location would interfere with future options such as a wagon or hatchback, as well as decrease storage space. In 1969, the NHTSA proposed its first rear-end collision fuel system integrity standard, Standard 301, which required less than one ounce of fuel leak per minute after a 20 mph rear-end collision with a moving barrier of 4000 pounds. Ford tested prototype models of the Pinto under this standard, made modifications as necessary and began production of the Pinto. However, in 1970, the NHTSA proposed a 20 mph fixed barrier standard to be met by all vehicle within 18 months, as well as noting that a 30 ... Free Essays on Managing Product Safety - The Ford Pinto Free Essays on Managing Product Safety - The Ford Pinto CASE: Managing Product Safety: The Ford Pinto I. LEGAL CASE ANALYSIS A. Facts In 1960 Ford Motors produced the first American compact car, the Ford Falcon. In 1964 the Ford Mustang followed, gaining wide favor as a sports car â€Å"for the masses.† Ford executives believed that foreign imports posed a threat to its position in the small car market, and it did not have a sub-compact model to compete with the foreign models. In 1967, Lee Iacocca became president of Ford Motors and directed development of the Ford Pinto, which was released in 1970. The Pinto rapidly gained acceptance and after 6 years over 2 million units had been sold, a company best-seller. The design and planning process for the Pinto was fast-tracked, with an ultimate development time of 38 months exceeding the average time of 43 months. The decision was made to install the gas tank as a strap-on unit under the rear floor pan and behind the rear axle. Late in the design process, however, an engineering study had determined that the safest place for a fuel tank was directly above the rear axle. However, such as design would require a circuitous filler pipe likely to be dislodged in an accident as well as raise the center of gravity thus affecting handling, causing an overall decrease in safety in the opinion of senior engineers. Additionally, such a location would interfere with future options such as a wagon or hatchback, as well as decrease storage space. In 1969, the NHTSA proposed its first rear-end collision fuel system integrity standard, Standard 301, which required less than one ounce of fuel leak per minute after a 20 mph rear-end collision with a moving barrier of 4000 pounds. Ford tested prototype models of the Pinto under this standard, made modifications as necessary and began production of the Pinto. However, in 1970, the NHTSA proposed a 20 mph fixed barrier standard to be met by all vehicle within 18 months, as well as noting that a 30 ...

Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Reflective Report - Essay Example The research that I have done deconstructed my view and my perception of what is Nike. The horrendous experience of the workers of Nike is no small thing. People do work and take jobs so that they can have a better life. It is not something that one will do and yet at the end of the day one turns out to be more miserable; more miserable because one has experienced becoming less of a human and be treated as machine whose sole purpose is to produce. One can argue, as Bhagwati (2007) claims that Nike workers are better off, but that is not true. Hand to mouth survival is not human survival. It is the way animals in the jungle live. Unfortunately, this reality is experienced by the workers of Nike because the salary that Nike gives is not enough to feed and provide semblance of a good life to its workers, while Tiger Woods has been given millions of dollars. The injustice that Nike perpetuates in its factories bears witness to the deplorable condition of third world workers, who bounded by poverty and structural corruption in their own countries, have no better alternative in improving their lives. It is like the choice is between two evils – you suffer in the quagmire of poverty or work in Nike and hopefully one can have something to eat (even just a little). Workers’ stories show the other side of Nike, its dark side. I cannot help but be emphatic with the unethical working condition in Nike. As a student of management, the stories of the workers of Nike has shown me that management can really do something in making the lives of the workers better. The management is in the position to carry out company policies that will make the working conditions and the workers’ status improved, healthier and humane. This is our function and our vision as managers – as we try to gain profit for the company that we are servicing, we should never forget that there are also stakeholders of the company whose interest should also be upheld. The companyâ €™s stakeholders are as important as its shareholders. Their interest should be protected and addressed as the way to the present and future of management and of the organisation is finding the balance between shareholders’ interest and stakeholders’ interests. I believe that this is difficult but I also think that is the way management ought to be – responsive to both the shareholders and stakeholders concerns. I believe gone are the days when firms exist for profit and profit alone. It is not the way how the market responds now. The market is the people who see the importance and value of human rights, labour rights and corporate social responsibility. In fact, they are willing to pay more for products that hold up causes that they support and, at the same time, they are willing to withdraw support to products and corporations who have been unethical and abusive of their workers, of the environment and of their stakeholders. This is what happened to Nike. Some of their regular buyers refuse to buy their products anymore. I am one of them. Moreover, the research has opened to me the reality of the challenge that management faces in the current period. I think the unethical behaviour of Nike toward its workers is the standard of what should not be done. What has happened to the workers of Nike is not the norm in management and workers relation but it is that which should be avoided. Others may find me idealistic but the reality of the

The Dome of St. Peter's Basilica Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Dome of St. Peter's Basilica - Essay Example Peter’s towers 445 feet in the air from the floor to the very tip of the cross on that famous dome above and it was a tall building even by sixteenth century standards. â€Å"That dome is a revered part of the Roman skyline and it is an amazing architectural design all by itself. None other than Michelangelo himself designed the great dome and that famous Renaissance artist employed a double-shell design technique that was created by San Gallo. Even though Michelangelo was made the architect in charge of St. Peter’s in 1546, the completion of the masterpiece came long after his death.† (When In Rome, Visit St. Peters Basilica - A Vatican City Delight) Thus, it was Giacomo della Porta, one of his students, who went on to complete the work in 1590, following the death of the great master and the design plans of the brilliant architects have been modeled in other famous buildings of the world. â€Å"From distance one can clearly see the dome of St. Peter’s r ising above the nave and wide faà §ade, although Michelangelo’s dome, designed for a naveless church gradually recedes from view as one comes closer to the building.† (Moffett, 357) Therefore, the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica is a magnificent construction which has great historical and architectural value and this paper makes an analysis of the work of architecture to comprehend the historical facts as well as the factors that influenced its design, etc. The dome of St. Peter’s Basilica has been so well designed that the first two centuries since its construction found no cracks or other issues. In a reflective analysis of the architectural value of the dome, it becomes lucid that St. Peter’s Basilica served as a model for churches as well as government buildings and the dome of the church is its most magnificent construction. Significantly, the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica illustrates the relationship between politics and power and it is important to realize the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica as

Lisa Benton Case Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lisa Benton Case Analysis - Assignment Example This report will also understand the importance of the leadership approaches in an organization and the display of different kinds of traits by the assistant product manager. The study will also give an insight to the various managerial situations that could have been managed properly and systematically by the manager to avoid confusion within the organizations. Finally, the study will conclude by suggesting certain recommendations that can also serve the purpose of a guide for future. Leadership Approach The leadership approach exhibited by Lisa Benton at multiple stages and situations is Bureaucratic leadership. Bureaucratic and Autocratic leadership style are almost similar to each other except for the fact that the employees and the team working in the organization are totally governed by rules and regulations. This leadership approach focuses on accomplishment of tasks and objectives within a stipulated time frame (Skinner, 1992).The leader understands the rules and regulations of the organization and is responsible for making the employees understand these rules. The leader is often reluctant to change and does not welcome change and development within the organization easily (Terry, 2003). ... At the present moment she has certain managerial traits which are almost similar to transactional leadership. The difference between transactional and transformational leadership is a clear example of the distinction between manager and leader. At the present moment Lisa requires a leadership approach which can serve the purpose of a guide and also help in addressing her shortcomings. As per theorist Helgesen certain feminine characteristics make the women leader advantageous than the male leaders like excellent communication skills, good listener, ability to solve potential conflict and advanced intermediary skills (Flores, Stanford & Oates, 1995). In this case power based leadership approaches can help Lisa in addressing the problems of the organization. The leadership theory proposed by French and Raven lays emphasis on the fact that leadership is a continual process and one individual should exert power over the other individual in a positive way (Flores, Stanford & Oates, 1995). Leadership theories like trait, personal behavior and contingency theory can act as catalyst in improving the efficiency of the employee and the organization. The theories laid emphasis on the fact that leadership action is interrelated to the degree of the authority vested by the manager on his subordinates. There is an existing continuum which consists of boss centered leadership approach on one side and subordinate centered leadership on the other side. This theory will help Lisa to clearly communicate her ideas and ideologies to her subordinates and her boss. Lack of Influential Power Lisa has excellent managerial traits which could not be translated into smooth

Executive Summary of Dreamliner Project Essay Example for Free

Executive Summary of Dreamliner Project Essay With an innovative design visually appealing to passengers, the Dreamliner enables Boeing customers to pleasantly surprise their passengers. The Dreamliner plans to be so visually appealing that at least some passengers will choose an air carrier-based solely on its use of Dreamliners. The Dreamliner will have other features that make the aircraft attractive to customers as well, not the least of which is that it will be much quieter than most older aircraft. Noise may not be an issue in every market; however all airlines battle noise restrictions and abatement procedures. The Dreamliner promises to be of benefit in this regard. Project Description The goal of the project is to design product and process for manufacturing the Boeing 7E7 Dreamliner. The project will involve incremental monitoring of the 787 Dreamliner, so that approaching problems with the innovative aircraft will be apparent before the project progresses too far. Clearly, the Dreamliner project is a huge undertaking in which there are myriad opportunities to digress from the stated schedule devised at the outset. As an example, there are more than 100 companies involved with the Dreamliner production and development in Australia alone (Hopkins, 2005), and the Dreamliner will not even be assembled there. The assembly plant is expected to cost $1 billion and to require the labor of 800 to 1,200 employees at an average salary of $65,000 each (Cronan, 2003). Problem Statement The void that the Dreamliner intends to fill holds at least two facets, one within Boeing and the other within the commercial air passenger industry. As indicated before, nearly all Boeings customers have had difficulty in the past, and two more, Delta and Northwest, recently joined the list of large, established airlines operating under Chapter 11. Fuel costs constitute the single greatest concern for these airlines at present, though fuel costs alone do not account for the costs of less than astute management over the past decade or so. These and other problems within the airline industry have led to difficulties at Boeing as well, in that airline customers have not purchased as many new aircraft in recent years as in the past. Boeing seeks to rectify this situation with the Dreamliner. As Boeing project manager of the 787 Dreamliner, it will be important to correctly identify the scope of the project and adhere to the defined view. Otherwise, the project easily could become susceptible to creep and expand in unplanned ways (Gray and Larson, 2005). As Boeing project manager of the 787 Dreamliner, it will be critical to be particularly watchful for signs of creep because so many other companies are involved in the 787 Dreamliner project. Of course Boeing has final say and control of the project; however it can expect many of the companies involved to voice ideas and opinions, some of which can be quite valuable. Hopkins (2005) reports that literally hundreds of Australian companies are involved with the Dreamliner; another author reports that Vought and Alenia North America have finalized arrangements forming a joint venture for the specific purpose of joining and integrating fuselage sections manufactured in a variety of European locations (7E7 production arrangements, 2004). Mission Justification Boeings Vision 2016 mission statement spells out three business strategies (Arkell, 2005). These three strategies are: †¢ Run healthy core businesses †¢ Leverage core strengths †¢ Open new frontiers (Arkell, 2005). The Dreamliner will make a positive contribution to the health of Boeings core business, and in so doing leverage the companys core strengths. It certainly opens new frontiers, in that there is not another aircraft like it. Airbus currently is retrofitting an older model to take on an appearance similar to the Dreamliners, however the Airbus offering will not be able to offer the fuel savings possible in the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. High-Level Scope Gray and Larson (2005) provide a Project Scope Checklist containing the project objective, deliverables, milestones, technical requirements, limits and customer reviews. This certainly is a broad enough scope without being so broad that the 787 Dreamliner project manager could go astray with it. At the same time, the checklist can be used as a guide to assessing Boeings approach to the project to date. It likely does not have all the technical matters in place yet; however the first several requirements of the checklist already are in place and have been for some time. Chung-Suk and Gibson (2001) recommend the use of a project definition rating index to assess the appropriateness of the scope of any large project. Measuring Project Success There are several approaches and measures that as project manager can use to measure schedule progress to determine the success of the 787 Dreamliner project. There are several orders for the aircraft, likely with significant deposits attached to them. Failing to complete the project on time has the potential of negating at least a portion of the contracts that the company already has for the 787 Dreamliner. The product itself also can be used as a point of assessment of the projects success. Some detractors claim that Boeings reliance on plastic, for weight reduction and therefore greater fuel efficiency, is unfounded and unproven. As the Boeing 787 Dreamliner project manager, a plan will be devised for assessing project success with regard to using plastics before rolling out the first production model. Taverna (2004) reports that Boeing will use Dassault Systemes Product Lifecycle Management system in managing the design and production processes for Boeings 7E7 Dreamliner. The life cycle management system outlines the role of the key element to be included in this project that includes the virtual product development concept, the virtual product management system, the virtual reality center, and the Falcon Global Test Bed (Taverna, 2004). Application of Best Practices Two best practices in project management that could be applied to the project to ensure its success is to maintain tight control by the project manager on the various aspects of the project and to control the number and complexity of changes allowed in design or production processes after the start of the project. Hollmann (2003) discusses the pressures that several decades of downsizing and outsourcing have caused for many industries. Boeing has had difficulty in this area already, though its experience was several years ago. Boeing decreased its workforce so drastically that it could not efficiently take advantage of new government contracts and had to hire inexperienced, unproven design personnel. Though Boeing will be outsourcing much of the subassembly work associated with the Dreamliner project, it maintains its own design and project management personnel to provide greater accountability and incentive for bringing the project in on time and within budget. Boeing also practices astute change control in all its projects, and there is no reason to believe that the Dreamliner project will prove to be an exception. One of the greatest threats to any project is failing to properly define it at the outset and changing aspects of it well after it begins. Not making changes obviously needed results in an inferior, or worse, product; adding all the changes that possibly could be made has the effect of delaying the project and preventing it from being completed on time. As Boeing 787 Dreamliner project manager, it is paramount to maintain tight control of changes, disapprove most while allowing only those that make the product safer, more reliable or more attractive to customers. Aligning the Project with Boeings Business and Conclusion The project aligns well with Boeings core business and with its stated corporate mission. When it becomes available to the market, the Dreamliner will exist as a unique product not available from any other organization. As stated, Airbus will offer a possible substitute product; however one that is not likely to be equal to the Dreamliner in any aspect. Boeings history and reputation further will support the Dreamliner in terms of sales to commercial airline companies. Boeing learned its outsourcing lessons several years ago, and currently strives to right size rather than to become so lean it cannot function at full capacity.