Treatment-Based Drug Courts Significantly Reduce Criminal Recidivism Annotated Bibliography

Treatment-Based Drug Courts Significantly Reduce Criminal Recidivism Rates - Annotated Bibliography fontThese programs are developed with an aim of reducing crimes that are usually committed because of drug abuse (MacKenzie 2008). in spite of appearance the programs, people are offered educational activity based on their skills with the aim of making the sign in the community. with the education offered in these programs, people change their habits and develop positive thinking (MacKenzie 2008). Individuals who undergo proper training in the programs are not likely to get involved in criminal activities. While those who do not get training end up going back to prison because of committing crimes (Vacca, 2004). Despite the reading of these programs in most societies, there is limited research conducted on the effectiveness of the program (Vacca, 2004). It is typically truly problematic to determine the effectiveness of these programs because of different judicial procedures used in most of the programs (Vacca, 2004). It also actually difficult to determine the factors that affect the programs within the rehabilitation centers (Vacca, 2004). This study will, therefore, test the hypothesis Treatment-based drug courts significantly reduce criminal recidivism rates. Participants in this program most of the time are given counseling serve and educational training services that help them change (MacKenzie 2008). The researcher will use a meta-analysis of some(prenominal) studies collected that combines the importance of an association between the study variables (Vacca, 2004). This method is the most suitable because they can be used to describe the efforts made by the respondents under investigation.

HR's Role in an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HRs Role in an Organization - Essay ExampleMaund (2001) outlined that organizations have initiated a change by putting caution on serving their employees attain long-term employability throughout extensive career development instead of workers practice safety. However, this could be achieved by making use of standard performance and developmental arrangement among workers and directors. Additionally, in scenario of dingle business we need to establish approximately learning objectives that are associated with the business objectives in order to own sure enough business development. In this scenario at Dell Corporation managers should be accountable for making sure that the performance development procedure takes place among their personnel. Since, learning is as well more and more being utilized as an instrument to make sure the efficient change management (Maund, 2001).This paper has presented a detailed analysis of the human resource management functions with respect to Dell Corporation. This paper has outlined some of the main aspects regarding the Dell business HRM enhancement and offered some recommendations to improve the Dell business HRM and influence on the business strategic developments and process. I hope this research will offer a deep acumen into the Dells HRM functions.DELL-1. (2004, June). Principles of Globalization and Global Citizenship. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from Capaccio Environmental Engineering, Inc. http//ems-hsms.com/Docs/Dell-%20Encouraging%20Suppliers.pdfMcKinnon, P. (2004, May 03). HRM-Measurement of Culture & Climate. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from HR.COM Limited. http//www.hr.com/SITEFORUM?&t=/Default/ accession&i=1116423256281&b=1116423256281&application=story&active=no&ParentID=1119278069586&StoryID=1119653855187&xref=http%3A//www.google.com.pk/search%3Fhl%3Den%26ei%3DzdzwSv30M4mWkAWKh9iYBw%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dspell%2Wright, P. M., McMahan,

Corrections Corporation of America Company Essay

corrections Corporation of America Company - Essay ExampleEthical Factors The ethical factors surrounding the current changes in the jurist and correction departments in the US regard the moral consequences and the general good of the nation. The early going away of incarcerated individuals may have an impact on the recidivism and security of the country at large. Rehabilitation and correctional might of criminals reduces even with an increase of cost in public prison house house house facilities. The effect of the current state policies affects al wizard individuals, from individual citizens to the individuals incarcerated. Companys Current Strategy The CCA is planning to expand its market to Europe and different countries. In Europe, the market for tete-a-tete prison services in increasing, a change attributed to the changing justice policies in those nations. In the US, the partnership has remained behind its competitors in expansion, preferring to wait for clarity on the c urrent accompaniment and its expected-persistent duration (Tella and Winig, 2010). The current adoption of cost control policies by states will result in pardon in law and justice, which will further result in increase in crime nationwide. Additionally, CCA suffers economically if its correction facilities do not maintain an acceptable level of incarcerated criminals. ANALYSIS EXTERNAL ANALYSIS The bill of cloistered prison assiduity dates back to 1984, with CCA taking over the management of a prison rapidity in Tennessee. The company has since amazen to become the leader in the industry, commanding nearly 50% of the prison beds under private correctional services (Tella and Winig, 2010). Industry Structure & Trends The private prison services industry offer correctional services to the nation, the main customers universe federal and state... The paper tells that the history of private prison industry dates back to 1984, with CCA taking over the management of a prison facili ty in Tennessee. The company has since grown to become the leader in the industry, commanding nearly 50% of the prison beds under private correctional services. The private prison services industry offer correctional services to the nation, the main customers being federal and state governments in the US. These companies work on a contractual basis, typically three to atomic number 23 years, but most of the contracts incorporate clauses that allow the government to terminate their agreement. The growth of the industry depends on a number of uncontrollable factors, which include sentencing patterns in different jurisdictions, crime rates, and acceptability of prison services privatization. Specialists in the industry argue that business is headed downwards for new comers as more states try to reduce prison overcrowding and expenses. According to the article, almost half of the new inmates were sent to private prison facilities in 2009. The article cites one analyst suggesting that e stablished firms in the industry who have focused on their competencies will continue to grow despite the budget crisis. The policies regulating private prison use varies from state to state, with some states banning the private prison altogether, like New York, Louisiana, and Illinois. Outside the US, privatization of prison services has not been embraced fully. Nonetheless, countries, especially in the European region, are adopting the system, with Australia having a record 17%.

Case assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case assignment - Essay Example much(prenominal) developments portray the liberal nature of the federation since the laws permit the populace to take thrill of their lives and make important decisions that concern their lives. Such include abortions and suicide.However, the seat is likely to change thereby presenting a conflict in the management of the wellness facilities in the state. Apparently, the papistic Catholic has inherited the health care system in the country with the promise of revamping the operation of the health facilities with an change magnitude cash flow in the state. The health care system under the management of the roman type Catholic will curtail the liberal nature of the facilities as the Catholic safeguards the value of human life. Such a conflict is likely to heighten owing to the fact that Washington is atomic number 53 of the secular states in the country. Imposing religious heath care system is therefore likely to conflict with the wishes of millions of citizens who will not enjoy some of the liberties that the previous health care system offered.The introduction of the new health care system promises an improved flavour of the health care services that the facilities will offer owing to increased financial capital that the Roman Catholic will provide the system. The health care sector is one of the most expensive systems in any country owing to the high cost of the health equipment. Additionally, clients very much demand guaranteed quality of medical services a feature that increases the need to purchase high quality and efficient equipment. Such requirements increase the cost of managing and maintaining high quality health care services in the society. Under the new health care management system, the health care practitioners will have to esteem high ethical standards by adopting the doctrines of the Catholic Church under the stewardship of a council of bishops who will oversee the

Clownfish Mating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Clownfish Mating - Essay ExampleIn this struggle, the staminate clownfish is quite belligerent towards the female and shows his trust by biting, chasing and extending his fins. The female clownfish mates with the male one after some struggle. After it, she lays eggs on a flat surface cleargond by the male clownfish and built into a nest. The eggs that are laid by the female clownfish are fertilized and guarded by the male clownfish. He is the one who takes view asing of the eggs. He becomes free when the eggs get hatched and larvae come out of the hatched eggs.Clownfish is a attractive fish that is liked all over the world because of its elegant style and appearance. People like to keep clownfish in their aquariums in order to increase the beauty of an aquarium. Clownfish, which is also called anemone fish, belongs to the order Perciformes, its family is Pomacentridae, its genus is Amphiprion and its species is ocellaris (Boyer 2009). Its scientific name is Amphiprion ocellaris (Fishlore.com 2007a).Clownfish is called anemone fish because of its symbiotic relationship with sea anemones (Hoff 1996). Symbiosis can be defined as a process in which, both the organisms are benefited because of the relationship that is formed amid them. Clownfish and sea anemone forms a symbiotic association with the anemone due to which, clownfish as well as the sea anemone, both are mutually in advantage (Fishlore.com 2007b). As far as its habitat is concerned, the clownfish is found in warm waters, which are oceanic and sultry (Boyer 2009). The clownfish is usually at most 5 inches long and at least 2 inches small. The male clownfish is smaller in size than female clownfish (Randall, et. al 1997).There is a very interesting fact about clownfish and its gender. When a clownfish gives birth, all the newly natural are males (Fishlore.com 2007a). In fact, the clownfish is male at its birth and remains male until it becomes dominant than other male clownfish around it. When one clownfish grows in size and gets

Regulatory Measures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regulatory Measures - Essay congresswomanThis paper will examine regulatory measures as stipulated in the national Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations (FSGO), Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), and Consumer fiscal security measure Bureau (CFPB). Indeed, in 1991, the national government through the United States Sentencing Commission enacted the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations to curb court-ordered violations in organizations by imposing harsh penalties upon organizations whose employees or company representatives commit federal crimes (Ethics Resource Centre, 2005). Ideally, the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations would also guide the Federal Judges while convicting and punishing organizational defendants (Ethics Resource Centre, 2005). The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations came because of continue debate over the signifi merchantmance of instilling ethical conduct in organizations to guide the code of operations (Ferrell et al, 1998). Actual ly, the need for an ethical conduct emanated from the fact that organizations continuously violated the law that governed their operations. Moreover, the ethical and legal challenges that go about the managers and employees of an organization necessitated the establishment of an ethics program and its compliance policy (Ethics Resource Centre, 2005). ... On the other(a) hand, George W. furnish signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Zameeruddin, 2003). The Act proposed universal reforms on pecuniary operators, lawyers, auditors, corporate board members, and other official that trade securities (Zameeruddin, 2003). The main aim of the Act was to prevent and punish corporate and accounting role player and corruption as well as safeguarding the interests of the employees and shareholders. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 came as a result increasing of convoluted corporate and accounting scandals in the public sector (Independent Sector, 2013). Most specifically, the collaps e of Enron and reports of accounting fraud at WorldCom, HealthSouth, and other leading firms in the US led the US Congress to enact the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Vakkur & Herrera-Vakkur, 2012). As such, there was a need to formulate laws to curb this trend and restore public trust in the corporate world. Additionally, the Act came into effect as a way of establishing an effective oversight measure to the financial and accounting operations of an organization (Independent Sector, 2013). Furthermore, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) offers equal opportunities for the employer in compliance with federal law and seeks to create and maintain a vibrant and diverse workforce (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 2013). The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau came because of increased discrimination in the membership in a labor organization, or any other organization that does not abhors merit. As such, it encourages professional development, retention on employees, and o ffers compensation and benefits packages to the employees. Ideally, we can establish that the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for

Globalisation and International Institutions Essay

Globalisation and International Institutions - Essay ExampleGlobalization and enlightment Globalization and enlightment envisages ideas move across the world with ease at any given time. The world, instead of promoting globalization, encouraged slave trade, curiously the more developed nations. This is building up of economical slave trade which is not similar to the record of debates that the current world needs to be engaged in. For instance, ten Smith propagates authorities intervention and let off trade across borders not minding the effects it may have on the economy of those countries (Stilglitz, 2002 p. 38). According to prof Joseph, for industries to develop, the magnitude of development needs to be in line with the government policies. According to smith, when cities develop, the rural sphere will be negatively affected or rather will feel the impact at a great level. Joseph therefore, argues that, no development can occur automatically without a favorable government policy. Two decades ago, smith may have anticipated the ideas that reflected the ideas of globalization. Smith was aware of the marketing professions and limitations of the government that play a role in what happened after the policy setting (Smith, 1901) Globalization and enlightment has caused moral values problems and the meeting of different societies that has resulted in stack of diverse cultures mixing through migration. This is exactly what Joseph believes is a propeller of globalization and enlightment. He believes that the value of tolerance is necessary if we have to achieve this, because we need to learn living with people from diversified cultures and backgrounds without conflicts. Therefore, to enhance globalization, we need to establish some standards that all individuals need to conform to. They include, basic valet rights, labor standards, and establishment of the encounter of law that should be agreed upon by all the countries, for example, a get against the t orture of children (Stilglitz, 1993 p. 143). Globalization has a future and if we attempt to go beyond these confines, then we will be trying to ignore the values, which must be followed for a positive achievement. Convention of torture is undermining the international rule of law hence affecting the way we live together as the international community that the supply administration failed to live up to. The world needs to push for the values like looking at the IMF imposations on basic economic world standards. He argues that tolerance gratuitys us to live towards achieving different economic goals and globalization (Younis, 2008). Second is the set up rules that are set and imposed by the international community, for example, rationality and pragmatism which positively affect globalization. Adam smith rejected this ideologies was at the heart of the enlightment. He became the buzz off of a new ideology of the free market ideology which turned out to a religion. Adam Smiths argu ment promotes self-interest instead of promoting moral issues that may enhance enlightment and globalization. Professor Joseph subscribes to issues that do not compromise globalization, but rather enhances the well-being of the society leading to globalization. Self-interests do not lead to economic improvement but rather it pulls down the chances of economic efficiencies. The higher the profits accrued from the ventures, the break up the business environment and basic social

The travels of a t-shirt in the global economy by Pietra Rivoli, Ph.D Essay

The travels of a t-shirt in the global economy by Pietra Rivoli, Ph.D - act ExampleIn the preface, the author guides to the preview of the protests against cotton materials. The protests attribute the cotton intentness to abuse of forgiving rights. Protesters called backlash in the book refuse to corrupt t-shirts made from cotton because of the perception that cotton industry involves in child labor, human trafficking, unfair employment terms, and unsustainable compensations. The student protesters joined other human rights activists to commove against global trade conferences. The reasons for the oppositions were that globalization is the reason behind maltreatment of workers in cotton and other industries.In the book, Pietra Rivoli seems to want to dismiss or challenge the idea that anti-cotton protesters have towards globalization and international trade. Majority of the impactful protesters atomic number 18 Americans who seem to curse the way the global cotton industry oper ates to make t-shirts available. To the protesters, before the t-shirt they buy reaches the market, it passes through child labor, underpaid workers, and poor working conditions (Rivoli VI). However, the book acknowledges that the success of the American cotton industry partly depends on the cheap labor obtained through slavery. Cotton growing is a big economic and rural activity in the Southern frontier. Wealthy people rank according to the hectors of cotton farm possess and the quantity of cotton possible harvested from the farms. The significance of the US cotton industry is comparable to the Swiss pharmaceutical industry, Japanese automaker industry, and the Germany chemical industry. Unfavorable climatic conditions in the industrialized countries make it hard to aver cotton in large quantities. It is for the reason that America does not have a serious tilt that would come from producers of similar status (Rivoli 4). This state leaves America to compete some of the

The Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 Reforms to the House of Lords Essay

The Parliament practises of 1911 and 1949 Reforms to the put up of Lords - testify ExampleThe act was as result of a reaction to the rivalry between the incumbent regimen and the House of Lords with regards to the 1909 Peoples Budget. The chancellor of the exchequer of the time named David Lloyd George, had proposed the incorporation of a land revenue (Dorey and Kelso 119-124). The new tax would have adverse effects on owners of large pieces of lands, majority of who were persons in the fusty opposition. In this regards, the conservatives believed in another alternative source which was to be tariffs on imports as this has very much prospects to the British local industries as well. They had leverage in their large majority numbers which they used to vote slash the budget. This was even perpetuated further by the veto origin they possessed on Public Bills. This challenged the Liberals so much that they prioritized reducing the power of the Lords come the next general electio ns. aft(prenominal) the elections, the Liberals still formed the minority organisation hence the Lords subsequently accepted the People Budget only after the land tax proffer had been dropped (Dorey and Kelso 126). The dispute over the budget however prompted the government to introduce new resolutions which were geared towards limiting the power of the Lords. ... The provisions of the Act abolished any veto powers of the House of Lords to any public bill introduced in the House of Commons. Exception was however granted to Bills which contain any provision to extend the maximum duration of parliament beyond the normal five years or any Bill confirming provisional browse (Gordon 14-19). Again, the Bill did not alter any provision to the Bills introduced in the House of Common, as well as Private Bills and delegated legislations (Gordon 19). The Labour government amended the 1911 Act to further reduce the power of the House of Lords. This was prompted by the fears that the radica l programme of nationalism which they advocated for, would be delayed by the House of the Lords barring its completion indoors the life of the parliament (Thompson 191). In 1947, a Bill aimed at reducing the time by which the Lords were circumscribe to delay Bills form three sessions over two years to two sessions over a year, was introduced. After an attempt by the Lords to block the bill, it was reintroduced in 1948 and 1911 as well (Thompson 193). The Bill was finally passed in 1949 with the coating the provisions of the 1911 Act. The passing of the 1949 Act into law prompted various controversies. A number of legal personalities raised near doubts as to whether the use of the 1911 Act to pass the1949 Act, which in turn amended the 1911 Act itself was valid (Zander 94). They claimed that, the act ability of the Lords to veto a bill to prolong the parliament life would not be fasten if the 1911 Act could be used to amend itself first as this could end up removing this restri ction (Hood 42). Also, they argued that the 1949 Act could be considered as a secondary legislation

German and American Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 41

German and Ameri set up Stereotypes - Essay poserI have American friends I can ask for a favor and I can count on them when they have promised me to help. But I have friends as well that promise me something and willing not take it too serious to really keep this promise. If I want to take them by word I have to make them do things for me right the way or keep bugging them until they do it. But in Ger more I experience the same thing - dont you? (Anonymous, Stereotypes)Another stereotype made by Germans towards Americans is that they debate Americans are warmongers. According to a blog called 10 common German prejudices about the USA, this is caused by the actions of the government. The author states that foreigners see Americans as war-hungry people because of the US governments decisions. The effects felt by the foreign countries leave a stigma upon them making them believe that Americans want power. From the American perspective, some Americans believe that Germans are hateful because of what happened sixty years ago. However, in Britain the hatred towards Germans can be violent. Most Germans tie in the Americans with Britain creating a bond that stereotypes both countries. But the British hatred is understandable because of World War II. Americans electric charge hatred towards Germans do it likely out of fear and the anti-German propaganda of years past.On Answerbag.com, a site where wizard asks questions and many answers, someone asks, What are some untrue stereotypes that Americans have of Germans? Though there are many exuberant replies, there is one constant blogger, Frederik, who says that Germans are fearful of Americans.

The bible from Genesis to Revelations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The bible from Genesis to Revelations - Essay Example divinity created Eve and Adam who posterior gave birth to three sons, that is, Cain, Seth, and Abel. After some time Enoch emerges and later Noah and the ark. Next, is the story of the tower built in Babel and after about 1000 years later, Abraham also appears. The story of the people chosen by God begins from Abraham. This is because God had promised Abraham that he will make him a father of a big nation and his descendants will be as many as the stars. Abraham after many years gave birth to Isaac who later gave birth to Esau and Jacob.The name Jacob later changed to Israel and Israel means wrestles with God. Jacob gave birth to twelve sons who later formed tribes in Israel. The tribes were twelve in number just as they were twelve. Jacobs most famous son was Joseph. Joseph was exchange as a slave to Egyptians, and later he rose to a higher rank in Egypt and because of his influence in the Egyptian government, he managed to br ing his family to stay in Egypt in order to scavenge them from famine. The story in the book of exodus starts four hundred years later. In this book, the family of Israel does not enjoy the prestigious status as it used to when Joseph was alive. Most of them were taken as slaves as when Joseph died (Maartens & Van, 2011). After about 400 years later, God broke His silence with his manifestations seen when he revealed Himself through signs and wonders to the masses. God, in order to make pharaoh put up his people to go back to the Promised Land, did many wonders in Egypt. The wonders included the plagues that he brought to the Egyptians. When Pharaoh released the Israelites, God gave them directions and told them how to build the tabernacle and this marked the book of exodus.The book of Leviticus begins, but it is full of laws hence nothing much on it basis be discussed. Numbers is the next one and a good part of this book is about census. It begins with a census where they coun t the population of

Changes in theoretical paradigms have predominantly been driven by Coursework

Changes in theoretical substitution classs have predominantly been control by sinister swan events rather than resulting from proven paradigm - Coursework ExampleIn the world of finance, these events are those that effect dramatic market movements, such as, for instance, the 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as the 2007 financial crisis, which both host the markets dramatically lower. The recommended financial strategies to accommodate large market failures precipitated by black swan events are, of course, centered on allocating a small percentage of a total portfolio towards investment instruments that are to spike when the markets crash, while retention the large share of the portfolio in the safest, black swan-proof, investment vehicles. This is part of a broader strategy aimed at gap the risk among a greater number of vehicles for investment. One can say that these investing strategies may be an offshoot of an economic theoretical paradigm that may not be superior, further is conditioned by the painful experience of previous black swan events. The paper explores the dynamics of shifts in theoretical paradigm springing from black swan events (Kim 2010 Bloch 2013 Sood 2013). II. Discussion A history of tectonic changes in macroeconomic paradigms can be summarized as tales of existing economic thinking, such as Greco-Roman economics and fundamental supply and pauperization models being upended by black swan events, such as the ample Depression in the case of classical economics. ... During the Depression this amounted to heavy spending by the US government to get the deliverance out of its hole. One can argue from this that the new paradigm is adopted not because it is necessarily superior, but because it adequately addressed the black swan event of the Depression, and showed good results in spurring the economy covering on a track to growth. This new paradigm fixed demand, but was not particularly conform to for instance to the black swan event of stagflation, where the economy was stagnant even as inflation spiked. The b some other in this latter black swan event was that supply fell, leading to spikes in the prices of fuel and of food. This black swan event then led to a shift in paradigm back to classical economics, with Milton Friedman arguing that market forces are the best determinants of market efficiency, and are best left to their own devices, with the emphasis this time not on demand, as in Keynes, but on supply-side economics. Here then, from two incidental black swan events, is proof that changes in economic paradigms are not necessarily driven by the shift to superior paradigms, but rather are borne out of the need to correct the imbalances and inherent problems in economic policies that were made evident by the black swan events. In these two examples it can be argued that classical economics and the efficiency of market forces is the superior paradigm, but as a result of the Great Depression it was junked in favor of Keynes, only to be re-adopted, tweaked, after the stagflation crisis in the 1970s (Sood 2013 Bloch 2013). On the other hand, fast-forward to 2007-2008, the global financial crisis again put into question the validity of the Friedman model, given that the

Key Events and Timeline of General Electrics Assignment

Key Events and Timeline of world-wide Electrics - Assignment ExampleData salt away by State Information Centre for the sales of washing machine from January to October 2010, sales of domestic securities industry shoots up to 25.17%. Increase in urban consumption is also emphasis. Consumption rate is drastically improve and future structures argon under planning. Operational profit of GE Consumer &Industrial is 2.1% and revenue is 6.1%. They sell central office appliances, industrial equipment and other services related to them (Brooks, 2009). customary Electric Company or GE is a multinational company in New York, headquarter is in Fairfield. Company is providing their services in four study sectors. These sectors be Energy, Industry, Technology setup, Capital Finance and last but not least are Consumer. consort to Fortune ranking, GE in 2011 is the sixth largest organization is US and also ranked on fourteenth position for the most profitable setup. The other ranking of 2011 are Interbrand ranked them on 5thfor best spheric brand, Newsweek wears them 82nd position for green company, Fortune gives them a title of most admired one and kept them on 13th rank and Fast Company rate them as 19th rank in groundbreaking company. In 1890, Edison General Electric Company comes in market by the owner doubting Thomas Edison. In the same year Charles Coffin also host the flag for Thomson-Houston Electric Company. The increase in modus operandi of competitor introduces new patterns and strategies. In 1892 the merger of both companies, Thomson-Houston Electric Company and Edison General Electric give the emergence to General Electric. The integration of company takes place in city of New York. Canadian General Electric also came in to being in same era (Shim and Siegel, 2008). The future plans of GE are to introduce new appliances and technology which reduce the consumption of energy. Energy refers to electrical energy. Global Research section of GE makes managem ent strategies to control the use of electricity by consumers in home and industry sectors. Many of the look into programs want to help the customers globally and face all the challenges gifted by environment. Researchers of GE are batchvass the techniques to implement systems that will use smart appliances. The efficiency will increase in grid of power-transmission. We can consider any home having multiple electric appliances like washing machines, microwaves, refrigerators, air conditioners and other are working simultaneously will affect the power consummation on overall basis. Consumer will go to pay less as compared to consummation because of proper management control on out of electricity (Tennent, 2008). The basic aim of GE is to introduce such technology in market which is efficient in electricity usage and reduce the use the emission of greenhouse gas footprints in air. Key Events-GE Timeline 1876 outgrowth laboratory in New Jersey opened by Thomas Addison. 1892 Edison General Electric (formed 1890) and Thomas Houston (formed 1879) merged to for m The General Electric Company 1932 GE Credit corporation formed 1942 primary American Jet Engine developed by GE 1981 Jack Welsh becomes CEO 1985 genie developed 1989 CNBC Developed 1996 Genie is sold out 2001 Honeywell and GE merger 2003 GE acquires Transamerica finance 2004 partly acquires Vivendi Universal, and fully, InVision technologies 2006 Acquires IDX and Zenon environmental systems 2007 Acquires Microwave data systems, Smiths Aerospace and Vital Signs 2011 NBC sale to Comcast completed by retaining 48% share. Source www.ge.com General Electric Company Business Model General Electric

Consumer Behavior and the Demand Curve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consumer Behavior and the Demand Curve - Essay ExampleThis essay projects on the consumer behavior towards these electronic vehicles over the coming years and how it sh completely cause movements along the demand arch as well as gaolbreaks on the demand curve. The movement along the demand curve will be caused by changes in prices of the electric vehicles, either increase or decrease in the prices. The shifts will be caused by preferences of the consumer to buy the vehicles irrespective of the increases and decreases in the vehicles prices, consumers believe that the vehicles will help reduce environmental contaminant and the prices of other related vehicles whereby if other vehicles prices increase considerably, then consumers will settle for electric vehicles. The demand curve will shift upwards since consumers be optimistic that the electronic vehicles will serve their purpose and and then prefer to buy them. In addition, the vehicles batteries ar expected to be improved ma king them to last interminable than they do at the moment and hence attract more consumers causing the demand curve to shift upwards. For now, people who buy electric vehicles, as Levine puts it, always want to be seen to gravel class and style. They thence are highly educated people, successful businesspersons, and those who earn highly in their areas of specialization. These people are some as compared to average people who earn too little to think of buying electric vehicles. at that place are those who would want to buy the electronic vehicles simply on the grounds that they promote green environment only to find that electronic vehicles costs is beyond their means. Many a consumer is always excited to the highest degree the electronic vehicles when they hear about them for the first time, but when they are told of price, their interest in those vehicles decreases. Majority of consumers are also concerned with the appearance of the vehicle, their performance and how reliab le they are. Given these costs, sales for most electronic vehicles stupefy remained low. For instance, Nissan Volt has recorded very dismal sales performances due to prices the company has attached to them. Terlep acknowledges that Electronic vehicles have elicited a lot of excitement among the consumers who think that electronic vehicles will be the norm of the day. However, fit to analysts, this may not come into fruition any time sooner as it is only estimated that electronic vehicles will amount to 7.3% of all the vehicles sales by around 2020. Currently, there are only 2.2 part of electronic vehicles in circulation. Projections indicated that fully electric cars will be about 10 percent of all the vehicles by 2020. Recent estimates show that electric and hybrid vehicles are 5.2 million as compared to 70.9 million sales that had been predicted earlier. Consumer choice It is a microeconomics theory that shows the preferences that make people consume goods and services to cert ain expenditure and this is what in conclusion leads to consumer demand curves. Ingram explains that the theory analyses how consumers are likely to attain equilibrium given their preferences and the level of expenditure they are in so that they can maximize utility under the budget constraints they could be in. Preferences are what the consumers hope to have with their level of income and hence make choices depending on the income allocated for goods and services.

A critical analysis of article-3 of the European Convention on Human Dissertation

A critical abstract of article-3 of the European Convention on military man Rights - Dissertation ExampleEvery kind being unavoidably the fundamental rights as a primary requirement in their life,which feciliates them with security to live their life in return day world.The prat of this right is the respect to the human values by securing the human rights. The basis of this right is the respect to the human values by securing the human rights. On the contrary, ECHR is all set to subject field for the protection of human rights in th european countries. However, some of its policies regarding certain humain rights are still non worth effective. As, Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, prohibits aberration inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In other words we can say some(prenominal) intentional act by which severe pain or suffering is caused physically or mentally to a person. The definition has tried to cover a huge objective scope, rather than be coming unverifi equal and more definite. Resultantly, due to its infinite nature, the Article 3 has been a critical issue. There is a deficiency of exact definition and clear meaning of torture mentioned in the article. Nevertheless, torture has a wide range, from public torture to severe punishment and that may vary in different age group. But, Article 3 does not seem to cover all the aspects of human rights. Initially the UK Court had restrictive view on what consisted of torture, preferring to find that states had inflicted inhuman and degrading treatment. Though ECHR is fighting for the rights of children and protect the children from violations but the criteria it has designed is not able to act effectively. Thus the court held that practices much(prenominal) as sleep deprivation, subjecting individual to intense noise and requiring them to wear against a wall with their limbs outstretched for extended periods of time, did not constitute torture1. On the contrary, there i s a indispensability of giving more emphasis on the rights of the children, because they are the usual victim of torture and prohibitions, which deprive them of the human rights in their normal day to day life. That may lead to troublesome life of the children. In such case, the conventions Article 3 seems to be insufficient to provide protection to the children in an veritable(a) way. Keeping in view, the importance of childs right The United Nations Convention on the Human Rights of the Child defines a child as a human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier, 2 agreed by 192 of 194 component countries. Biologically, a child is anyone in the midst of birth and puberty or in the developmental stage of childhood, between infancy and adulthood. Children generally have fewer rights than adults and are conformationed as not able to make expert decisions, and legally must always be under the care of a responsible ad ult.3 The positive positioning of European Convention on Human Rights is their step towards the reforms in human rights and possibly, there are chances of more amendments and improvement in the capacity of the policies enabling them to protect the children from any kind of abuses. Due to the lack of limit in the Article 3 of European Convention, The UK Court has emphasized the fundamental nature of Article 3 in holding that the prohibition is made in absolute terms, irrespective of a victims conduct. The Court has likewise held that states cannot deport or extradite individuals who might be subjected to torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, in the recipient state.4 If we look at the history of torture, it was first used in the ancient Greeks and Romans for interrogations. single-foot was used only on slaves until the 2nd century. But, gradually that started spreading to all the sections in lower class people. Statement of a slave was valid, only if it has come o ut through torture.5 But at the present scenario when we talk about child torture and their right it would be important to find the definition of torture and its relevance with childs right. Torture, according to the United Nations

Why quit smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why finish smoking - quiz Example on that point be many instances where the take inrs give up the habit and then succumb to the temptation. This is because they hold up made only half-hearted measures to quit smoking and unless iodine is completely determined to quit, the desire would manifest once again and again. Some of the measures like reducing the number of cigarettes one smokes or increasing the interval between serial cigarettes are just temporary solutions and do not lead to any long term de- habituation. There has to be a strong willed desire to quit and the resolve has to be stiff. Though these may seem like harsh words, unfortunately they are the ones that can help in smoking cessation.- There are many who believe that tapering off nicotine usage can lead to quitting smoking. However, studies have indicated that the majority of smokers who quit have done so by abruptly quitting instead of tapering over a point in time of time. This method calls for will power an d resolve and certain modifications to the dietary habits can make a difference. If one can reduce the in event of caffeine, sugar and alcohol, they go a long way in qualification one move away from nicotine. These are stimulants that aid in a cycle of substance addiction and cessation of any one of these can lead to cessation of the other. The high risk groups are those who take one or more than one of these stimulants in large quantities.- Quitting smoking improves the physical and mental fittingness of individuals. So, having an exercise regimen goes a long way in aiding the urge to quit smoking. As they say, a jog around the park can be more addictive than a pack of cigarettes.- The military group of the peer group is one of the most important factors in people deciding to smoke and conversely deciding to quit as well. So, make sure that you get the encouragement of co-workers and friends who do not smoke and try to minimize the

Describe the functions of managers Essay Example for Free

Describe the functions of managers EssayGood anxiety and unravelership argon censorious for organisations to function and also for the organisations to thrive. When organisations ar well managed just like Barclay, they fag end operate effectively and they can operate efficiently. Managers piss very good and clear plans, mangers have organised social complex body parts, systems, and they also evaluate results. When organisations be well led, they adapt to changes in the environment and develop cultures that inspire commitment and innovation. Both good management and good leadership are necessary to sustain organisational get alongance. Mangers are responsible for getting work through with(p) usually through other people the term manger may also refer to a number of different people within a business. Some job titles include the word manager, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as a personal manger or managing mastermindor. Other jobholders may also be mangers notwithstanding through on that point titles do not say it.* Mangers act on behalf of the takeers in a company, ranking(prenominal) management are accountable shareholders* Mangers set objectives for the organisation, for object lesson, they may decide that a long-term objective is to have a greater market share than all of the companys competitors.* Managers make sure that a business achieves its objectives, by managing others.* Managers ensure that cooperate values which means the value of the organisation are maintained in relations with other business, customers, employees and general public.When an organisation is managed well mangers effectively perform four essential management functions total heat Fayol the French management theorist listed a number of functions or elements of management these are* Planning* Organising* high-and-mighty* Coordinating* ControllingPlanningThis involves mangers setting objectives and also the strategies, policies, programmes and procedures for achieving them. Planning might be done by line mangers who will be responsible for performance. However advice on planning may also cope from staff management who might have expertise in that are even if they have no line dresser. For example, a production may carry out human recourse planning in the production department, but use the skills of the personal manager in planning recruitment for vacancies that may arise. In general, planning involves defining organisational goals and proposing ways to reach them. Managers plan for 3 reasons* To establish an overall direction for the organisations future, such as a target say for example to increase profit, expand market share,, etc, etc.* To put and commit the organisations resources to achieving its goals.* To decide which tasks must be done to reach those goals.* Barclays mangers set up objectives* Barclays bank makes up smart plans to achieve set objectives.* Manpower planning* Production budgets* Cash budgets* Sales targetsOrganisingMange rs set task, which engage to be performed if the business is to achieve its objectives. Jobs need to be organised within sections or departments and authority and authority needs to be delegated so that jobs are carried out. For example the goal of a manufacturing company may be to produce quality goods that will be delivered to customer on time. The tasks such as manufacturing, packaging, administration, etc. that are part of producing and distributing the goods, need to be organised to achieve this goal.For example in Barclays within Barclays managers, supervisors must lead the employees with the delegated job. After mangers have prepared plans, they must translate those relatively abstract ideas into practice reality. Organising is the processes of creating a structure of relationships that will enable employees to carry out managements plans and meet organisational goals. By organising effectively. Mangers can better coordinate human, material, and study resources. An organisa tions success depends largely on managements ability to utilise those resources effectively and efficiently.* Organise working procedures* Organisational structure, chain of contain needs to be established.* Organising which member of staff in Barclays does what.* Distribution channels.* Quality systemsCommandingThis involves giving instructions to subordinates to carry out tasks. The manger has the authority to make decisions and responsibilities to see tasks carried out. For example in Barclays plc the management aggroup must put plans into action by allocating the best use of resources to achieve the plan. To make sure the plans are achieved mangers use their delegation skills.CoordinatingThis is the bringing together of the activities of people with the business. Individuals and groups will have at that place own goals, which may be different to those of the business and each other. prudence must make sure that there is a common approach, so that the companys goals are achi eved.* Mangers coordinate the work force* Mangers in Barclays bank direct employees what they are doing.* Delegating tasks* Mangers resolve conflicts of interests in the different functional areas of the business.* This helps mangers to motivate their staff.ControllingMangers measure and even off the activities of individuals and groups to make sure that their performance fits in with plans. Control is the observe of evens and progress within each department. For example within Barclays the organisation a range of departments for example the finance department they will monitor there budget and performance. The process by which person group or organisation consciously monitors performance and takes nonindulgent action this is called controlling, another example would be that Barclays finance department will be controlling and monitoring customers transactions, etc, etc and they will keep a history and they will keep a record file of that customer. Management control system sends signal to managers that things are not working out as planned and that tonic action is needed.* Barclays bank monitor and measure what is being archived in each of their department.* Barclays control, monitor there gross sales performance.* Barclays control and monitor their cash flow against their budget.LeadingAfter management has made plans, created a structure of work practice, and hired the right personal, someone must lead the organisation, leading involves communicating with and motivating others to perform the tasks necessary to achieve the organisations goals. Leading is not done only after planning and organising end, it is a decisive element of these functions.

Impact of Television Violence on Children Essay Example for Free

Impact of Television force play on Children EssayThese days, we atomic number 18 seeing an increasing amount of ferocity on television set, and this is having a ostracise impact on childrens behaviour. At present, television plays an important role in eachones lives, specially in childrens lives. Television has become a member of almost every single family on our planet. And not just an ordinary member, but a very important one, because the sequence spent beside to it exceeds the amount of time spent together with any other family member. Gone are those days, where children used to arrest only Tom and Jerry, instead they want to watch Power Rangers, Chota Bheem, etc.Instead of playing together battalion prefer to watch an episode from a thriller. The base of the tomorrows society are children today. And on the way they develop depends how are world is going to look like tomorrow. Contemporary parents arrive at a lot, but when they come back home they are not eager t o spend time with their child, the consequences of this fact are the following kids are given to themselves and watch everything they want or TV plays a role of a babysitter. Therefore children learn moral principles from the television, where by the age of 16 they observe 100,000 groundless acts and 33,000 murders.Violence on television causes children and teenagers to become less caring, to lose their inhibitions, to become less sensitive, and also whitethorn cause violent and aggressive behaviour. In a study on the connection between military unit and television done with 1,565 children over a six-year period in London, William Belson, a British psychologist, found that every time a child saw someone being shot or killed on television they became less caring towards other people. William Belson also discovered that every time a child viewed this violence on television, they lost a fragment of their inhibitions towards others.In addition to William Belsons study, other studies d id by many scientists and doctors video display that seeing violence on television causes children to become less sensitive to the pain of others. Many people believe that children who watch violent television programs exhibit more aggressive behaviour than, that exhibited by children who do not. According to the results of many studies and reports, violence on television can lead to aggressive behaviour in children. Also, when television was introduced into a community of children for the first time, researchers observed a rise in the level of material and verbal aggression among these children.

Case Study of Personality Theories Essay Example for Free

Case Study of Personality Theories EssayAbdul Hnnan a 12 year senior boy, who has been presented with language, academic and behavior difficulties. Hnnan had a traumatic delivery and suffered from hypoxia. Hnnans early motor and language milestones were grossly delayed. He sat and crawled at 2.6 years of age and walked after 3 years. His language was delayed and he spoke his first words at 4.6 years to 5 years and in sentences after 5 years. His speech was unclear and could be understood by his parents at age 6 years. However, even with issue delay outsiders understood 75% of what he said. His gross motor skills and fine motor skills were poor. He started climbing steps at 4 to 5 years and started bicycleing at 5 years. He s work could not pedal a bicycle, tie his shoelaces and thatton his shirt. Hnnan was a placid baby who did not respond, had no eye achieve and had a squint. He slept for long hours and had to be force-fed. He was hyperactive, destructive and aggressive a fter 3 years.He banged his head. He disliked vi stickors and could get very distressed. He hated any object in the theater being displaced and insisted on having everything in order. He was very difficult to manage. He liked to spin roughly and jump. At the age of 4 to 5 years, he started noticing other children and started taking interest in them. He became less hyperactive, less aggressive and was more than amenable to instructions. However, presently he was still restless and jumped a lot. He could still spin around for hours. He liked being on his own but also could be talkative, over friendly and odd. He repeatedly asked the kindred questions and was naive. For example, during the interview he repeatedly asked Can a cow accidental injury or not? What if I play with it, will it hurt me or not? He had writing problems because of his hand tremors.He was always restless and distractible and could not sit around for more than a few minutes. His memory was very good but his un derstanding was weak. His mother has to sit with him for hours to teach him language and concepts. He has difficulty with understanding complex or abstract concepts. He did not have problems in social interaction but had difficulties in social communication and imaginative and on the table thinking. Difficulties with self control is presenting as restlessness, inability to follow adult agenda and paying attention to other people, to what they might be saying, thinking or feeling.SOCIAL HISTORYAbdul Hnnan was natural in Lahore, Pakistan by Pakistani parents. He was the first child in the family. His mother, Wajiha, had a positive family history. One of her cousins was mentally retarded. Hnnan was born at term. His mother had high blood pressure. The labour was prolonged, 11 hours and a caesarean was suggested but refused. He was born limp and blue. He had hypoxia. He was in NICU for 5 days. His birth weight was 2.54 kilos. He cried wellspring after 15 days of life. Hnnans early mo tor and language milestones were grossly delayed. He started noticing children at 4 or 5 years and started taking interest in them. Hnnans younger sister, Amen, 3 years of age was very sociable and talkative.Hnnans father was more patient and his mother more irritable. Hnnan was very difficult till age 6 years and was aggressive, non-compliant and unreasonably demanding. As he grew erstwhile(a) he became more co-operative and could be rationalized with. Whenever his mother asked him to do something he ignored 5 to 6 times. after(prenominal) that he started to argue. His mother used reprimands, bribes, threats and force to make him do things. Hnnan did not go to school. The family moved to Saudi-Arabian Arabia when he was 7 years old. His parents took him to a Neuro-Developmental Pediatrician when he was 9 years old. His mother inform that he did not like to play with toys.All he did was jump on a hunch or spin around. He was very restless and distracted and had a short attention span. He could be very stubborn and insisted on doing things his way. He was generally cheerful and friendly. He repeatedly asked the same questions and insisted that his parents answer them in the same way or he answered them himself. He watched the same cartoons repeatedly. He ever jumped or spun around. He used to grab things from strangers. He ignored a child crying till age 5 years but after that he gradually became more empathetic. Hnnan avoided staying in crowds as he knew that he was different from others and thats why people were laughing at him.After that his source got better. Following difficulties may become apparent in early childhood Problems performing subtle movements, such as tying shoelaces, doing up buttons and zip, using cutlery, handwriting. Many will have difficulties getting dressed. They have problems carrying out playground movements, such as jumping, playing hopscotch, catching a ball, kicking a ball, hopping and skipping. They have a higher tendency t o bump into things, to fall over and to drop things. Some find it hard to go up and down stairs. Some have problems with using scissors, coloring, drawing, playing jigsaw games.

Compare the Ways the Distinctively Visual Is Created in Run Essay Example for Free

Compare the Ways the Distinctively Visual Is Created in spring judgeCompare the ways the distinctively visual is created in Run Lola Run and in one another(prenominal) related text of your choosing. Distinctively visual texts aim to manipulate the way we explore and interpret the images we see. critically affecting the way we make interpretations of the experiences we encounter in the world. The distinctively visual represented in Run Lola Run by gobbler Tykwer and the Dove Artificial epoch Lapse are similar in some elements.Run Lola Run has multiple distinctively visual features throughout the film, but the Dove ad on the overhand has a few techniques or elements thrown into a 2minute short film. Through Tom Tykwer 1998 film Run Lola Run, he presents visual images and reflects the dominance of post modernism in popular destination at the same time. He has included in the film a set of themes/ideas, which characterise the ethnical context e. g. is Fate versus freewill. The colour red appears throughout the film, as a motif representative of dissimilar e motions and ideas central to the films core message.Red suggests a sense of passion and freedom from inhibition, quintessentially by Lolas vivid hair. The colour of Lolas hair makes her distinctive as the protagonist of the film, as intimately as symbolising her attitude of defiance towards authority and her individualism. Another motif is circles and spins in the film, they have been bodied throughout the film, from the respective(a) extreme close ups of clocks to the logos upon buildings and personnel uniforms.Further examples include the Mercedes benz insignia, the various rings that Lola wears around her fingers, the Bolle sign on the wall behind the phone booth where Manni waits for Lola and the spinning spiral at the Spirale Bar. These circles all symbolises the films central message that life is circular and cylical endings are sassy showtimes and beginnings mark the end of that which ca me prior. The image of the spiral is employ in the film to represent confusion and discouragement as well as the interplay between Fate and our own Free will.For instance, a spiral is used to convey Mannis confusion about the events of the day prior the call to Lola while he is out of doors the Spirale Bar. This function as a visual metaphor for the idiom his life is spiralling out of control, a potent reminder of the consequences born of bad decision making or apathy about the military issue of ones existence. In my related text the Dove Artificial Time Lapse it looks our how the media and we cheat beauty. The ad shows a girl who just looks normal nothing special but is turned into a model by the use of various techniques.Lighting is a key element used during the ad. The beginning when the girl comes in and takes a seat they have used low-key lighting to introduce the military issue to the viewer. Once the change begins to the girl the lighting changes, high-key lighting is used to highlight the subject as the change happens. Another technique used is movement this refers to the movement of actors or objects known as kinetics, the movement of the tv camera and the mechanical distortion of movement.The ad has included mechanical distortion and multiple freeze frames or focusing shots of a change in appearance to the girl. They have created this by taking multiple photos to show the motion of the clip at a faster pace. By looking at these two texts you can loony toons out the distinctively visuals created by the themes and motifs found in Run Lola Run and The Dove Artificial Time Lapse. They have incorporated many visual techniques to show both these films although they are two completely different films you can see the similarities between them.

Patient Safety and Quality Essay Example for Free

Patient Safety and Quality EssayThe moderate involved with the caring for this family subscribe tos to be open to facts of the situation at hand by realizing that it is handout to be a period of stress on Susie. At the same time, the goal is to make for sure that Susie prioritizes her daily activities which ordain involve all three of caring for her children, taking in the additional demands of assisting her mystify and promoting her health, and of course making sure her career is also focused on. As it is, Susie is overwhelmed and the nurse will motif to table service the family overcome any additional stress points as well as the specific infirmity related to her mother and so the nurse will prioritize as well. Since Susie seems to manage the household, the nurse will consume to make her the key point of contact with the steps involved with making sure the family stay healthy during this period of additional anxiety.As it has happened now with her mother coming in t o the family, she will need to adapt to a new lifestyle that has new demands of caretaking as described in the family geomorphological possibleness. Family structural theory is a theory where a family is an open and kind cultural system, which reacts and adapts to the demands placed (Grand Canyon University). This theory would be best applied by the nurse recognizing the rules and roles the family currently has and how they will need to change to abet health forward motion. Developmental stages give opportunities to family members to realize their potential (Edelman Mandle, 2010). With the children also being a priority to cod care, Stage four of the Family Developmental Theory will be applied. Perhaps the nurse will need to better understand through Susie what the latters keys to success have been from Stage 1-3 to better help take care of the kids through this.Through these types of conversations, the nurse can help promote health passim their family by better understandin g how the cope with particular situations and helping apply new methods of care. Health promotion can best be accomplished when the nurse focuses on Susie first and then the rest of the family so that Susie can also take care of the family. Health education includes all family members, with learning activities according to for severally one individual. General teaching goal will be same but the approaches and specific goals will be different for each family member. A nurse will have to provide different teaching to each family member.To promote health for Mrs. Jones, nurse can make a plan explaining how Mrs. Jones need to function at her highest level of capacity physically, psychologically, culturally, and spiritually. To promote Susies health, nurse will have to educate her on social roles, financial and occupational responsibilities, and reassessing life goals. School aged children health can be promoted by educating on staying away from harmful and unsafe environments such as drug and alcohol abuse. Also, allowing school aged children participate in family conversations and allowing them to speak increases their self-esteem which can be beneficial to Susie to decrease stress.ReferencesEdelman, C., Mandle, C. L. (2010). Health promotion throughout the life span (7th ed.). St. Louis Mosby. The Form and Function of The Family. (2011). Grand Canyon Universtiy, Phoenix, AZ.

Use of Psychology in Fashion Essay Example for Free

Use of psychology in Fashion Essay psychology plays a major role in every professional creative field. The art of shape flesh is not an exception. Fashion uses psychology in many different ways, from getting customers to purchase clothing, to self- show upion in the clothing, to analyzing psychographics in a population to identify a potential target market. First impressions are made more often than not on how a persons attire looks, through use of color, fit, and design. Emotions and moods can be evoked through fit and color on a persons body. All these effects on the human brain and psyche are taken into great consideration when designing garments.Psychographics are utilize to classify people into like-minded groups. This is a way to examine a population and determine what their behavioural patterns are. These behavioral patterns transfer over into the fashion world. With this extremely useful information, the industry can now have intercourse who to sell a product to, e stablish on a descriptor of factors common in these groups. expense habits, social class, opinions on certain groups, etc. all apply to a successful marketing campaign. wizard may use a target market such as women from ages 20-25. However, this includes a huge variety of people. In order to successfully market a product, one must know who they are change to. A successful marketing campaign includes the behaviors of those women aged 20-25. For example a target market could be described as women aged 20-25, who follow fashions latest trends, not willing to run more than $60 on a single garment, are politically active, and are mostly independent. and so designers and marketers can make clothing lines better suited to these individuals.Emotions and moods can be evoked from someones clothes. Fashion is now viewed, either knowingly or not, as wearable art. It is not just an phrase of clothing, but a form of artwork and decoration that is wearable. Thus, like art, clothing can evoke emotion through the use of color and composition. Pantone puts out a forecast for every season with a guinea pig. This theme is then broken down into how it evokes mood changes and how the color palette accentuates this mood. These moods and emotions affect the brain and behavior of the onlooker, causing them to either want or reject the item. Just like personal tastes in art, the consumer uses art as a form of expression and personal taste, hinting to others elements of their personality.As stated before, psychology is a form of self-expression, and a form of visual communication. The way one changees may put one in a fashion subcategory. These subcategories are thought of as a whole and are subject to judgment and discrimination of sorts. For example, a person with many tattoos and a vintage style of clothing may be viewed as a hipster, and hence the viewer may assume many things of the individual. The fit of garments say many things slightly oneself. Made-to-fit clothing on me n in the business world is more respectable than non-tailored clothes. With women, skirt suits piddle the balance between attractiveness and masculinity in order to appear respectable, much more than the besides aggressive pant suit. One may see the effect of clothing when one researches on how to dress for an interview in order to make an impression upon the hiring manager.Clothes are the way people express themselves in Western culture without the use of words. One can tell many things about a person based upon the way they are dressed. While many things may be erroneous when mind someone by the way they are dressed, a lot of things can be said of them based upon their dress. Thus, fashion designers and marketers must work together to cater to these people in these psychographics/target markets, while offering enough for the individual to make a personal choice in order to be different. Psychology plays an extremely important role in fashion design.

Ethical Behavior and Social Responsibility of Organizations Essay Example for Free

Ethical Behavior and accessible Responsibility of Organizations EssayIntroductionProper ethical conduct is a signifi fagt part of conducting business. Organizations must on that pointfore find ways to in bodily ethical considerations into their strategical plan. Firms need to pr constituteice self g overnance and obey existing natural laws if they ar to ensure their survival and the benefit of the society in which they exist. The decisions made by an scheme affect society as a whole. This write up will examine the fond responsibilities of plaques to each of their s headholders. These include customers, employees, sh beholders, suppliers, the topical anaesthetic governance and the environment. Each section of this write up is supplemented with a case discipline illustrating the consequences of unethical behavior in business.Defining EthicsEthics is a ubiquitous term that is grammatical case to personal interpretation. Individuals and groups be guided by moral princ iples or values. Their beliefs attend to them to set standards for deciphering right from wrong (Little, 2011). Ethical values be dynamic and ar therefore subject to renegotiation and change. These changes are often influenced by spotic and contextual circumstances.As ethical beliefs differ from person to person, it whitethorn non be entirely doable to instill a universal set of values. Also, m either an(prenominal) individuals pull in different points of reference when determining what is right and what is wrong (Little, 2011). Domesticall(a)y, ethical values tend to be tight aligned. Individuals who contrive been socialized in a particular region are to a greater extent apt(predicate) to give cede similar values, laws, religion, knowledge and culture.With the emergence of free-trade agreements, many firms know the opportunity to conduct inter national business. Although these governing bodys are comm only when successful in aligning their economic pertains, many welcome failed to recognize or understand the cultural norms, laws and ethical practices of the country they are conducting business with.Defining companionable ResponsibilityAn organizations commence to social responsibleness bottom impact its image and reputation. Depending on how an organization addresses this aspect of business, ethics can either be a strength or a weakness. Social responsibility can be divided into three categories obligatory, reactive or responsive behavior (Duening Ivancevisch, 2008). An organization that acts out of social centralize tends to direct its behavior to the legal pursuit of profit (Duening et al., 2008). Socially reactive organizations often adhere to social norms, values and performance expectations (Duening et al., 2008). These organizations must be accountable for the ecological, environmental and social costs incurred by their actions (Duening et al., 2008).Lastly, socially responsive organizations often engage in behavior that exce eds the actions resumen by socially obligated and socially reactive organizations. For example, these firms take stands on public issues, account for their actions, anticipate future needs of society, move toward strong them, and communicate with the government regarding existing and anticipated socially desirable legislation (Duening et al., 2008).As illustrated above, social responsibility can mean different things to different people. In a broad mother wit, social responsibility is a compliance to the legal indebtednesss, social norms and ethical standards of society. For the purpose of this paper, I will employ the broad sense of the term, unless otherwise specified.Social Responsibility of Organizations to Internal BeneficiariesSocial Responsibility to EmployeesLegally, organizations are responsible for providing their employees with a lower limit wage, safe working conditions and the freedom to form a coalition (Duening et al., 2008). These laws discourage management fro m creating workplaces that violate employee cultured rights (Duening et al., 2008). However, many part-time employers, fast food restaurants and retailers provide only the minimum. Historically, employee benefits emerged out of pressure from employees, unions and the community. Today, most organizations are expect to go beyond the minimum legal requirements by providing their employees with fringe benefits, such as retreat funds, health and accident insurance (Duening et al., 2008).Many socially reactive and socially responsive organizations have protracted their benefits to include tpeltinging, career development, counseling, employee assistance programs, day-care and flex-time policies. As employee family life run lows more complex, organizations must find ways to house support. Many modern organizations are concerned about employee satisfaction and the benefits associated with it. Employees who are content demonstrate a higher commitment to the organization, which often tran slates into less absenteeism, higher morale and higher intersection pointivity. Overall, the modern worker wants his stemma to be both meaningful and fulfilling (Duening et al., 2008).Social irresponsibleness to Employees Wal-MartWal-mart is one of the most profitable and efficiently slide by organizations in the reality. In 2005, the corporation grossed cardinal-hundred and forty one million million dollars in sales, yet still failed to provide its employees with health care benefits and a livable wage (Greenwald Gilliam, 2005). On numerous occasions, the organization neglected to provide its employees with the canonic legal requirements. As a result, Wal-mart is now facing a number of class action law suits. Reports suggest that the organization is also notorious for keeping its stores understaffed. Although overtime is rarely an option, employees are still expected to work off the clock to get the job done (Greenwald et al., 2005).Workers are ordered to complete their ta sks and are often told that they can be replaced. Given their unfortunate personal circumstances, many employees put up with this abuse. In terms of employee well-being, a large majority of Walmarts workers cannot afford the bon tons basic medical examination insurance at just seventy-five dollars per month. (Greenwald et al., 2005). However, Wal-mart encourages its employees to seek out section-8 housing, food stamps and government-provided health insurance. (Greenwald et al., 2005).Evidently, Wal-marts perfunctory low prices are a result of taxpayer subsidies. Nationwide, Wal-mart is costing taxpayers over one and a half zillion dollars a year in subsidies for its employees (Greenwald et al., 2005). As a result of these policies, Walmarts average sales employee is animateness below the Federal Poverty Line. (Greenwald et al., 2005).In 2001, Barbara Ehrenreich conducted a sociological study to determine whether or not she could survive on a low wage. She found a job at Wal-ma rt in Minnesota. Her study reaffirmed the poor working conditions that Wal-mart employees often endure. In the following quote Ehrenreich talks about a clothe that she wanted to purchase for workOne of the rules is that our shirts have to have collars, so they have to be polos, not tees. Somehow Id missed this during orientation At $7 an hour, a $7 shirt is just not going to make it to my shopping list (Ehrenreich, 2002, p.88).Given the low wage that she earns, she has hardy justifying the purchase of a seven dollar work shirt. In the next quote, her co-worker Alyssa finds herself in a more thorny situationAlyssa is another target for my crusade. When she authorises to check yet a pass water on that $7 polo, she finds a mug on it. What could she get off for that? I think 10 part, and if you add in the 10 percent employee discount, wed be down to $5.60. Im trying to negotiate a 20 percent price drop-off with the fitting room lady when rotten luck Howard shows up and announces that there are no reductions and no employee discounts on clearanced items. Those are the rules. Alyssa looks crushed, and I tell her, when Howards out of sight, that theres something wrong when youre not paid enough to obtain a Wal-Mart shirt, a clearanced Wal-Mart shirt with a stain on it. I hear you, she says, and admits Wal-Mart isnt working for her either, if the coating is to make a living (Ehrenreich, 2002, p.100).Wal-mart is also notorious for squashing unions. If a branch plans to hold a union vote, the organization will hire new employees to dilute the number of people who are pro union. Moreover, the organization allots each store a seven-thousand dollar anti-union package a thirty-thousand dollar undercover spy van, rag to the organizations one hundred thousand dollar anti-union hot-line and the use of its seven-million dollar corporate special K for rapid response (Greenwald et al., 2005). If a branch is successful in a union vote, Wal-mart will not hesitate to clos e down that particular retail outlet. In summary, with the absence of unions and the current mind-set of management, it is passing unlikely that employee working conditions will improve any time soon.Social Responsibility to ShareholdersOrganizations have a social responsibility to their shareholders and must provide accurate information for investment decisions. (Duening et al., 2008). As stated by Duening and Ivancevich, the ultimate action a stockholder can take is to sell the stock (2008). It is principal(prenominal) that organisational information be transparent and accessible. Also, organizations must be as efficient and effective as possible with the use of their resources. Any process or product feature that does not add value is inefficient and has an adverse effect on the bottom line.Investors of the twenty-first century want instant gratification and are therefore often fixated on short-term earnings. As corporations and their managers face pressure from shareholders t o produce appeasing every quarter results, they often fail to think about the long-term well being of the organization, its employees and the environment. In recent years, there has been a significant append in performance-based bonuses. In many multinational organizations, executives earn exponentially more than their lowest paid employees.As an incentive, executives often receive options for shares in the company. The value of those options is contingent upon the companys short, medium or long-term performance. In 2010, chief executives at the get together States five hundred largest firms collectively took home four billion dollars (DeCarlo, 2010). The value realized from exercised stock options accounted for the main component of their pay (DeCarlo, 2010). When managers act in their own self interest, bonus-based compensation schemes can have dire consequences for all parties involved.Social Irresponsibility to Shareholders EnronIn 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy (Bryce, 200 3). At the time, it was the largest bankruptcy in the history of the United States. The management cooked the books and mis acted their military strength to shareholders (Little, 2011). Enron used mark-to-market accounting practices to manipulate earnings and to create a mirage of success. On several occasions, company executives be to investors, overstated earnings and omitted critical information (Bryce, 2003). As a result, stakeholders lost billions of dollars.Also, the employee pension plan contained over two billion dollars in assets with sixty-two percent of the funds invested in Enron stock (Bryce, 2003). Thousands of Enron employees lost a bulk of their life savings. In addition, the California Public Employees Retirement system lost three billion dollars (Bryce, 2003). Many individuals, investment firms and hedge funds lost billions of dollars as well. While thousands of individuals lost large sums of money, Enron executives clear significant returns from their unethical stock manipulation and insider trading.Social Responsibility to the Supply graspThe supply scope is a system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or attending from the supplier to the consumer (Shafer et al., 2010). Within the chain, an organization can be both a supplier and a customer. Today, many organizations realize the importance of strengthening relationships and working with fewer suppliers. In effect, suppliers and their customers have become interdependent on one another. Traditionally, customers pitted suppliers against each other in hopes of getting the best price. Today, however, many suppliers play a vital role in the operations process.Through vendor-managed inventory systems, organizations have been able to avoid stockouts, olibanum reducing inventory costs (Shafer et al., 2010). Corporations that rely on sole sourcing have a partner-like relationship with their suppliers. The just-in-time wor ds system is based on customers pulling their orders through the supply chain mend suppliers ensure the inputs catch according to schedule. Companies are also responsible for ensuring that their suppliers are treated respectfully and paid on time. In this relationship, both organizations have to turn a profit to ensure their survival.Social Irresponsibility to the Supply Chain MonsantoMonsanto is an organization that has little regard for the farmers who use its products or the end users that consume them. In 1994, Monsanto introduced Posilac to the American market. Posilac is a bovine yield hormone that was developed to increase milk production. Today, the United States is the only developed nation that permits humans to drink milk from cows that have been given artificial growth hormone (Laskawy, 2010, check bit 3). This product was banned in twenty-seven countries including Canada and the European Union (Achbar et al.,2004). Moreover, Posilac was tested for only ninety eld to assess for human toxicity (Achbar et al., 2004).There is widespread concern regarding the long-term effects of this product on the well-being of humans and animals. Despite these concerns, this product was approved by the Food and Drug garbage disposal. Either Monsanto misreported its findings or the Food and Drug Administration did not look at them. Health Canada research showed that bovine growth hormone could be absorbed by the human body with the possibility of a link to crabmeat (Achbar et al.,2004). In addition to being harmful, Posilac is of little value to farmers and end users. Prior to Posilacs release, there was an teemingness of milk in the marketplace and farmers were told to produce less of it (Achbar et al.,2004)Monsanto is an organization that supplies harmful products and expects farmers to distribute them to the general population. This organization is responsible for the premature release of bio-engineered foods in the marketplace. The long-term effects of gene tically-modified food are still unknown. However, Monsanto requires a high level of coordination to get its products to market. The firm often requires help from politicians, professors, scientists, experts, the general public, reporters, and the Food and Drug Administration (Achbar et al.,2004).Monsanto also engineers terminator seeds. These are seeds that terminate themselves through a suicide gene (Achbar et al.,2004). Since terminator seeds are only good for one season, Monsanto has lowered the intrinsic value of them. In nature, seeds are meant to be replanted annually. However, this product goes against evolution and human well-being. There are billions of people around the world who are starving to end and farmers have been denied the opportunity to replant their seeds on an annual basis.This product is immoral to its customers, the end users, and humanity as a whole. Nonetheless, Monsanto still expects its customers to distribute these products to the end users.Social Respo nsibility to CustomersValue is defined as any action or process that a customer is willing to pay for (Shafer Meredith, 2010). To eliminate unnecessary waste, organizations should ceaselessly be mindful of customer needs. Processes that drive up costs but do not increase the boilersuit value of a product are wasteful. Firms should strive to reduce overproduction, inventory costs, unnecessary processing, live times, transportation costs, and unnecessary human motions age minimizing the number of defects (Shafer et al., 2010).Competitive organizations continue to improve the quality and strong point of their products (Shafer et al., 2010). However, if an organization fails to use its resources efficiently and effectively, it will likely be punished in the marketplace. A consumer has the ultimate decision on whether or not they will purchase a particular product. Therefore, companies should be adequately prepared to address consumer concerns and after-service needs, should they ar ise. Also, consumer goods should not do any biological or psychological harm to their customers. Products that have the potential to do harm to others should be put through rigorous testing to ensure they are safe for human use and consumption.Social Irresponsibility to Customers Aguas del TunariFor twenty years, the World Bank has been working alongside successive governments toward independent development in Bolivia. The World Bank believes that a high proportion of leadership in developing nations are susceptible to corruption, including those in Bolivia. As a result, the organization has played a significant role in assisting the Bolivian government with privatization of its state-owned enterprises. In 2000, Aguas del Tunari corporation signed a forty-year contract with the Bolivian government to provide water to impoverished citizens in Cochabamba City, Bolivia. Aguas del Tunari was guaranteed a minimum annual return of fifteen percent on their two-and-a-half billion dollar i nvestment (Salina Starr, 2008).As part of the deal, Aguas del Tunari Corporation concord to repay thirty million dollars of debt accumulated by the state utility company (Salina et al., 2008). In an confinement to pay off the debt, Aguas del Tunari corporation increased water rates to twenty dollars per month a 35 percent increase (Achbar, Abbott, Bakan Simpson, ,2004). However, the company failed to consider the fact that many of its new clients were surviving on only two dollars a day (Achbar et al., 2004). This meant that the cost of water would account for roughly twenty-five percent of their daily income (Achbar et al., 2004).To make matters worse, the government had privatized rain water, making it illegal to collect the rainfall (Achbar et al.,2004). When the newly-owned utility company shut down off the water supply to non-paying customers, violent protests erupted across all classes of society. Ninety-six percent of citizens demanded that the contract with Aguas del Tunari be terminated (Salina Starr, 2008) . The government of Bolivia refused and told its citizens that there was nothing to negotiate. Protests spread to other major cities in Bolivia, eventually cause a ripple effect that would put the country into a state of emergency. To remedy this problem, the Bolivian government kicked Aguas del Tunari out of the country and resumed its role as the nations utility operator.In this unique case, it is difficult to conceptualize water as a commodity. Water is essential for survival and is seen as a birth right. Many would argue that the local government is responsible for regulating the cost of water and ensuring that it is affordable for all citizens. Since water surrounds us and falls naturally from the sky, it is difficult for a corporation to add value to it. Privatization of rain water is an extreme concept and certainly crosses some ethical boundaries.Social Responsibility of Corporations to External BeneficiariesSocial Responsibility t o Local GovernmentsElected officials have a social responsibility to the people whom they represent. Although corporations cannot directly class a vote, they can leverage their power by donating large sums of money to political campaigns. In return, they often expect regulatory favors, exceptions, and preferential treatment. Corporations must however respect the local government and prohibit themselves from lobbying, bribing or manipulating local officials for the financial benefit of the organization.Although firms should not tempt government officials, politicians should also avoid situations where they may become vulnerable. As governments and organizations continue to work closely to achieve their objectives, they must ensure they maintain their ethical boundaries. When corporations gain power, the relative authority of local government diminishes and their authoritative power is often confined to their given jurisdiction. As organizations continue to grow, it is bonnie incre asingly difficult for them to be audited by local governments and regulatory bodies. For this reason, governments should consider implementing more rules and tougher sanctions to prevent legal and ethical misconduct. As history has shown, corporations are not always capable of self- governance.Social Irresponsibility to Local GovernmentsLong-Term Capital ManagementDeregulation of public enterprises and new business practices may not always be in the best interest of the general public. In 2000, the Clinton administration passed a bill that would deregulate the derivatives market and establish legal certainty for bankers (Lowenstein, 2002). The three major classes of derivatives are futures, options and swaps. In detail, the derivatives market is not well understood by policy makers. There have been numerous cases of corporate fraud, financial mismanagement and unnecessary risk. Moreover, taxpayers have fronted billions of dollars to bail out financial institutions. In 2008, the valu e of the overall derivatives market was an astonishing six-hundred and sixty-eight trillion dollars (Sheridan, 2008).In 1994, Long-term Capital Management took the financial world by storm. This hedge fund was established by two proven Wall alley traders and two Nobel Laureates (Lowenstein, 2002). The fund started with four billion dollars in capital from its investors. The firm enjoyed four straight years of prosperity without a single monthly loss to be reported on their balance sheet. LTCM was thought to be the perfect hedge fund. It simply could not lose. LTCM leveraged its balance sheet trading by 30 to 1, while leveraging its off balance sheet trading by 250 to 1 (Lowenstein, 2002).At one point, the company had in excess of one trillion dollars in derivatives exposure (Lowenstein, 2002). In a short period of time, LTCM had lost nearly everything and turned to banks and the federal reserve for a bailout. At the time, this was the largest bailout ever. In Wall lanes eyes, LTC M was simply too big to fail. It was thought that its demise would have had dire consequences for the entire economy.Since then, big investment firms have failed, bigger bailouts have been distributed and derivatives are still being heavily traded. It appears Wall Street still has a lesson to learn. It was the governments deregulation of derivatives that allowed LTCM and other investment firms to behave unethically and do as they pleased. As a regulatory body, the Federal Reserve sent out the wrong message by bailing out LTCM. Condoning the behavior of this hedge fund created an environment that would encourage other financial institutions to take the same risks.Social Responsibility to the Environment and Future GenerationsToday, consumers and citizens increasingly expect more from organizations. Traditionally, firms externalized their costs while internalizing their profits. Today, however, many corporations are becoming ethically conscious and are working toward minimizing thei r carbon footprint. They have started to use mechanisms known as stakeholder management devices to respond to stakeholder claims (Duening et al., 2008). Progressive organizations have started working toward sustainable development to help create a world that is suitable for future generations.Many firms are also taking an interest in social issues. Some have started practicing corporate philanthropy. These positive efforts enhance a corporations good will and improves its overall image. This often translates into more sales and higher profit margins.Organizations that fail to take responsibility for their actions are often looked down upon. For example, an organization that shows complete disregard for the environment will likely tarnish their image and build up ill will. In effect, companies that act out of social obligation are viewed less positively than those that are socially responsive.Social Responsibility to the Environment and Future Generationscapital of Japan Electric fe deral agency CompanyIn March of 2011, the Japanese coast was rattled by a forceful 9.0 earthquake and a gigantic tsunami. The Fukushima Dai-chi and Fukushima Dai-ni power plants sustained critical damage (TEPCO to jog nuclear Plant Victims, 2011). Both of these power plants are privately owned by the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO to Compensate Nuclear Plant Victims, 2011). The nuclear disaster revealed the companys misplaced assurance and a failure to adequately forecast its overcome case scenario. Furthermore, the company chose to disregard Japans tsunami history and relevant GPS data.TEPCO engineers did not factor in earthquakes that occurred prior to 1896 (TEPCO Dimissed heavy scientific Evidence in Planning Nuclear Plants Defense, 2011). Tsunami modelers at TEPCO factored in an earthquake of 8.6 magnitude in its worst case scenario model (TEPCO Dimissed Important Scientific Evidence in Planning Nuclear Plants Defense, 2011). The earthquake that occured on March 11, 201 1 was four times more powerful than the maximum presumed (TEPCO Dimissed Important Scientific Evidence in Planning Nuclear Plants Defense, 2011). Given Japans geographic position and the volatility of nuclear energy, TEPCO should have put more thought into their calculations.After much delay, the Japanese government has ordered TEPCO to pay partial retribution to the citizens affected by this nuclear catastrophe. Beginning on April 28, 2011, TEPCO has started to compensate families in the nominal sum of twelve-thousand dollars for losses attributed to evacuation, having to stay indoors and nuclear contamination (TEPCO to Compensate Nuclear Plant Victims, 2011).These partial retributions are miniscule. Often times it is cheaper for a corporation to hire a good public relations specialist than to rectify the actual problem. This nuclear disaster has crippled local businesses, fishing operations, tourism and the livelihood of citizens. TEPCOs greed and irresponsibility has cost the cit izens of Japan and the nation at large by causing tremendous losses. Moreover, citizens in neighboring countries and the Western part of the United States have grown concerned over their personal well-being.In TEPCOs case, the local government should have interpreted extra measures to ensure the facilities were built to withstand an earthquake of great proportion. Local governments are elected and represent the interest of the people. Therefore, it is their responsibility to ensure private organizations behave ethically. Companies should be forced to take full business for their actions. In regard to privatization of nuclear energy, governments should pressure organizations to strive for seven-sigma quality. As we have witnessed, a defect in nuclear energy can have significant implications for the general population.ConclusionAs illustrated in this paper, organizations have a social responsibility to both their internal and external beneficiaries. Firms should always conduct busine ss with truth and concern for others. Although many organizations may feel pressure to increase their short-term earnings, they must retain their digest and uphold their social responsibilities to their stakeholders. Through long-term objectives, organizations can set standards that will ensure their survival.Its important to emphasize that the decisions an organization makes will often affect society as a whole. As illustrated in the case studies above, companies that go astray or act in their own self interest can adversely affect the well-being of many stakeholders. However, tougher sanctions and an organizational credo may help give an organization ethical focus. In conclusion, by practicing self-governance and obeying existing laws, corporations will be well on their way to becoming socially responsible and dependable organizations.Works CitedAchbar, M. (Director/Producer), Abbott, J. (Director), Bakan, J. (Writer), Simpson, B. (Producer) (2004). The Corporation (DVD). Canad a Big Picture Media Corporation.Bryce, R (2003). Pipe Dreams Greed, ego and the Death of Enron. New York,NY Public Affairs.DeCarlo, S. (2010). What the Boss Makes.Forbes.com.Retrieved on April 18th, 2011 from http//www.forbes.com/2010/04/27/compensation-chief-executive-salary-leadership-boss-10-ceo-compensation-intro.htmlDuening, T. N., Ivancevisch, J. M. (2006). Managing Organizations Principles Guidelines. Cincinnati, OH Atomic Dog.Ehrenreich, B. (2002). Nickel and Dimed On not Getting By in America. New York, NY Owl Book.Greenwald, R. (Director), Gilliam, J. (Producer) (2005). Walmart The High Cost of Low Price (DVD). United States Brave New Films Disinformation Company.Laskawy, T. (2010). Court Rules rBGH-Free Milk Milk is Better Than the Kind Produced With Articifical Hormones. Now What? Retrieved on April 19, 2011 from http//www.grist.org/clause/food-2010-10-06-court-rules-on-rbgh-free-milk.Little, C. (2011). Ethics class lectures. Texas AM University-Commerce. Spring 2011. Lowenstein, R. (2002). When Genius Failed The Rise and Fall of Long-term Capital Management. Great Britain Clays Ltd and St. Ives plc.Salina, I. (Director), Starr, S. (Producer) (2008). go For The Love of Water (DVD). United States Oscilloscope Laboratories.Shafer, S. Meredith, J. (2010). Operations Management for MBAs, 4th Edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.Sheridan, B. (2008). 600,000,000,000,000? Newsweek. Retrieved on April 20,2011 from http//www.newsweek.com/2008/10/17/600-000-000-000-000.html.TEPCO to Compensate Japans Nuclear Plant Victims. (2011). BBC News Asia_Pacific. Retrieved on April 17, 2011 from http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13090304TEPCO Dimissed Important Scientific Evidence in Planning Nuclear Plants Defense. (2011). Japan Today. Retrieved on April 24, 2011 from http//www.japantoday.com/ folk/commentary/view/tepco-dismissed-important-scientific-evidence-in-planning-nuclear-plants-defense.

The Curtin Teaching Essay Example for Free

The Curtin raising EssayThe Curtin pedagogics, skill and Student Experience Plan 2013-2017 outlines an ambitious vision for reforming education and encyclopaedism, enhancing the student beat, optimising the education portfolio and the student experience. This vision, enabled through and through a number of strategic projects will position Curtin as leaders in glob eachy innovative education provide a richly interactive and personalised training experience and provide opportunity for graduates, equipping them with skills for the future. It is in this context, that pedagogics excellence is defined. Key to the culture of pedagogy academicians, who argon engaged in facilitating student culture, is the establishment of criteria to which excellent teachers can aspire. These criteria extravagantlylight the capabilities and skills that guide the fortunate recruitment, maturation, erudition and retention of character reference education academics in uplifted educati on. The Curtin statement Excellence criteria provide a exclusive set of measures to underpin solely germane(predicate) reward and recognition processes, so that program line excellence is yield off and consistent with the Universitys strategic goals.The dogma excellence criteria are designed to swear out individual academic faculty, particularly tonic and early career staff, in clarifying expectations, as well as providing guidelines to assist in the process of back up academics and establishing guidelines for promotion and awards. The criteria will be employ by academic staff and their supervisors as a formative festering tool to identify career objectives, and development needs, in auxiliary to forming the basis for informing promotion and awards. Curtins pedagogy Excellence criteria are designed to be big and flexible, whilst providing a robust and valid definition of excellent pedagogics within the Curtin context. The criteria are aligned to the doctrine perc entages within Curtin Expectations for Academic Performance (CEAP)1 and the Curtin University Academic, Professional and General Staff Enterprise Agreement 2012-2016 Curtins instruct Excellence CriteriaCurtins inform Excellence criteria mirror those developed in an Office for schooling and instruct Project2 and advised by criteria and indicate employed by the Office for Learning and pedagogics3, the UK Professional Standards Framework for pedagogy and load-bearing(a) training in higher(prenominal) education20124, the Higher Education Academy Benchmarking Project on Recognition of education in Academic Promotion Project and analysis of criteria developed in early(a) Australian universities. Staff who show evidence of excellence in pedagogy will contribute to systemic change in learn and statement through ongoing knowledge sharing and dissemination, for example, presentations within the learnedness and teaching community, collegial mentoring, pairing and networking, a nd occasion in university and higher education committees (Office for Learning and Teaching). Curtins Teaching Excellence criteria aim to1. Support the initial and continuing superior skill of staff engaged in teaching and supporting learning. 2. Foster dynamic and culturally inclusive approaches to teaching and learning in transforming Teaching and Learning at Curtin through creativity, installation and continuous development in diverse academic and/or passe-partout settings 3. Acknowledge the variety and quality of teaching, learning and assessment coifs that support and underpin student learning. 4. facilitate individuals in gaining formal recognition for quality enhanced approaches to teaching and supporting learning.The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) for Curtin is systematic inquiry, critique, research and development in teaching, learning and the broader educational context which advances and publicly provides educational improvement to students, staff an d the higher education sector. Teachers engaging in scholarship in teaching and learning explore to improve teaching at the tertiary take aim by Consulting and applying the literature on teaching and learning Investigating their own teachingAdopting innovative teaching approachesFormally communication their ideas and consecrate to confederates through emergence and other formal means and Seeking and obtaining match recognition for their ideas and commit.The scholarship of teaching and learning that underpins the teaching excellence criteria is taken from the definitions first proposed by Boyer(1990)5 and later adapted by the University of Queensland. pedantic teachingScholarly teaching in a mark involves all of the following striving for a high aim of proficiency in stimulating students and fostering their learning in a variety of stamp down ways, organism familiar with the modish ideas in ones subject, be informed by up-to-date ideas for teaching that subject, evaluat ing and reflecting on ones teaching go for and the student learning which follows.The scholarship of teachingThe scholarship of teaching develops from a basis of profound teaching in a discipline but is not the same as excellent teaching. It involves exploring, testing, practicing and communicating improved pedagogies, learning processes, curricula, policies and learning materials. It meets the following additional criteria in the context of promoting student learning It requires high levels of discipline-related expertise.It requires an understanding of who the learners are, how they learn and what physical exertions are most effective in the context of the discipline (pedagogical content knowledge) It breaks smart ground and is innovativeIt can be replicated and elaboratedIt is documented and subjected to accomplice inspectioneducational seekLike other social science researchers, educational researchers are guided by theoretical and methodological paradigms. A research acad emic in the field of education deploys theoretical perspectives to understand educational practice. Educational research includes psychological and philosophical inquiry historical, policy and cultural analysis and empirical research on a range of bowls including learning and teaching processes, pedagogy and plan studies. Such research tests the assumptions and worth of systemin terms of whether it provides adequate ex fancyations of the data and evidence. The aim of educational research is to expand our understanding of all aspects of education and to contribute to theoretical debates and developments in the area. The questions addressed are broader than those foc employ on in the area of teaching innovation and involve stakeholders beyond the context in which the innovation takes place (Research Assessment role Guidelines, 2008)6.Curtins Teaching Excellence CriteriaThe seven criteria are1. Design and planning of learning activities, units and physiques2. Teaching and supporti ng student learning3. Assessment and vainglorious feedback to students4. Developing effective learning environments, student support and way5. Integration of scholarship, research and professional activities with teaching and in support of student learning6. Evaluation of practice and continuing professional learning7. Professional and personal effectiveness show up of Teaching Excellence at CurtinTeaching1. Design and planning of learning activities, units and courses2. Teaching and supporting student learning3. Assessment and giving feedback to students4. Developing effective learning environments, student support and guidance demonstrationeVALUate Unit unofficial Report including unit coordinator response eVALUate Teaching Evaluation ReportStudent learning outcomes (retention and operate rates, student projects) Formal mates Review ReportFormal Teaching Evaluation Review evidence of reputationReport from community partners and feedback on outcomesFaculty, University or n ational teaching awardsPeer recognition of quality teaching eg invitations to teach in other universities Scholarship of teaching5. Integration of scholarship, research and professional activities withteaching and in support of student learning 6. Evaluation of practice and continuing professional learning reciteCertificate of completion of Professional Learning program eg FOLT, ALUCP, ALCCP, ALFCP Formal teaching qualification in higher education e.g. Grad Certificate in Teaching Attendance at internal or away teaching-related workshops Training and experience from the relevant industry/profession/ discipline Invitation to present, design or guess a teaching and learning workshop Peer examineed publications / citationsUniversity or national teaching and learning grantsDetails of grants, awards (successful and unsuccessful) and outcomes military service and lead in Teaching and Learning (including Community escort and Professional Practice) 7. Professional and personal effect iveness turn upIndependent musical compositions from menteesPeer review/ reviewer of curricula which demonstrate engagement with the teaching/research link Peer review of curricula as an expertLeadership in supporting colleagues teaching through ally support and review. Outcomes of committee leadershipProfessional Association Awards that validate leadership and expertise in teaching and learning External Reports from the relevant industry/profession/ discipline Invitation to present, design or try a teaching and learning workshop Invitations to present keynote at Teaching and Learning and disciplinary conferences on teaching and learning Membership of senior advisory groups to GoernmentLeadership in external professional networks / interest groups in teaching and learning Recognition by national or international professional bodies (awards, fellowships, honorary memberships etc) Leadership of professional bodiesContribution to the review and development of national and internati onal professional practice standards Leadership of a school, faculty, university or national teaching and learning initiative LevelDimensions of Curtins Teaching Excellence rise of achievementTeachingTeach and support student learningDesign and plan for learningAssess and give feedback to learnersDevelop effective learning environments and approaches to student support and guidance AA growth profile in teaching and a scholarly approach to teaching as prove by participating in team teaching within an established program with appropriate mentoring gaining experience in teaching in a variety of settings (eg small and large group, clinical, lab, field, research supervision) developing skills in all aspects of teaching practice, with appropriate mentoring, including -curriculum design,-development of learning materials-analysis of learning needs of students-identification of appropriate approaches to teaching ease of assessments-development of formative and summative assessment approp riately linked to learning outcomes seeking ways to improve practice by obtaining and analysing feedback embedding reflective practice within all aspects of teaching. maintaining currency with the latest ideas in disciplinebeing informed of current ideas for teaching in the discipline Formal Peer review report manifest of reflective practice and plan for improvementTeaching valuation review report demonstrate of plotted learning activities designed to develop the students learningSound knowledge of the unit materialeVALUate TER80% agreement or higher for two consecutive geezerhood and in most units taught BA developing profile in teaching and a scholarly approach to teaching asevidenced by using the latest ideas and research in the discipline in teaching and learning applying current pedagogies in teaching and learningFormal Peer review report present of reflective practice and plan for improvementeVALUate USR with unit coordinator response and response in unit outline Teaching r ating review reportEvidence of well-planned learning activities designed to develop the students learningScholarly/informed approach to learning designThorough knowledge of the unit material and its parting in the courseEffective and appropriate use of learning technologiesEvidence of effective unit coordination and management of teaching teams and force of mentoring on helpmates, colleaguesQuality assurance and evaluation of teaching and learning (eg moderation, academic integrity) Student learning outcomes (retention and pass rates, student projects) Additional evidenceTutor feedback on preparation, organisation, mentoring supportEvidence of effective supervision of reward/postgraduate students to completion eVALUate TER80% agreement or higher for two consecutive long time and in most units taught eVALUate USR80% agreement or higher for two consecutive years and in most units taught CStrong teaching practice evidenced byteaching in a range of different settings (1st year to PG large and small group, different learning environments) consistently high percentage agreement in teaching and unit evaluations other evidence of positive student feedback and peer review reflection, review and continuous improvement of curricula, teaching resources and teaching approaches application to teaching practice of new ideas in the discipline and new ideas about teaching in the discipline Recognition through awards and prizes at School or Faculty level Mentoring and supporting the development of teaching skills in archean line of achievement teaching academics As per level B rundownFormal Peer review reportEvidence of reflective practice and plan for improvementTeaching evaluation review reportTutor feedback on preparation, organisation, mentoring supportEvidence of effective supervision of honours/postgraduate students to completion Report from community partners and feedback on outcomesReceiving a teaching award (faculty or university)DA bear on eternise of excellen ce in teaching practice at all levels as evidenced by Breadth and depth of teaching portfolio,recognition through awards and prizes at University level and above Mentoring and supporting the development of teaching skills in Early Career and Mid-Career teaching staff As per level C plusTeaching evaluation review report (External expert)Evidence of leadership of effective curriculum development at the program level.Evidence of contribution to the teaching or curriculum and/or discipline at the national level.Curriculum, learning materials adopted at other universities Receiving a teaching award including curriculum development (university or national) Details of leadership roles and unique(predicate) contributionFeedback from staff mentoredEA distinguished temper of scholarly teaching at all levels as evidenced by demonstrable blow on student learning in and pose towards the discipline over a sustained period demonstrable impact on success of graduates over a sustained period rec ognition through awards and prizes at National levelsubstantial role in mentoring and supporting the development of teaching skills of Early Career and Mid-Career teaching academics. As per level D plusTeaching evaluation review report (External expert)Evidence of a leadership role and impact in curriculum design and review, planning and/or development at the (inter) national level Evidence ofsignificant curriculum, disciplinary contribution through published student learning materials, textbooks Leadership in mentoring and supporting colleagues in planning and designing learning activities and curriculum Details of mentoring and leadership support of colleaguesExternal peer recognition and/or review on impact of curriculum, discipline, innovation Scholarship of teachingEngage in continuing professional learning in subjects/ disciplines and their pedagogy, incorporating research, scholarship and the evaluation of professional practice AA developing profile in the scholarship of teac hing as evidenced by Participation in the communication and dissemination of teaching practice within the discipline Participation in research on how students learn in the discipline Presentations on teaching and learning at local and national conferences Teaching evaluation review reportExcerpts from unit materials demonstrating incorporation of current teaching and learning research into teaching activitiesEvidence of teaching and learning scholarship in the practice of teaching and curriculum developmentEvidence of teaching materials and curricula which demonstrate engagement with the teaching/research nexusEvidence of self-evaluation leading to changes in practice and student learning Evidence of professional learningCompletion of FOLT (all modules)Completion of ALUCP (if in unit coordination role)Evidence of attendance at internal or external teaching-related workshopsEvidence of participation in conference / forum relevant to teaching and learning Working toward a formal teac hing qualification in higher education e.g. Graduate Certificate in Higher EducationA developing profile in teaching and a scholarly approach to teaching as evidenced by using the latest ideas and research in the discipline in teaching and learning applying current pedagogies in teaching and learningAs per level A plusEvidence of professional learningCompletion of ALUCP, ALCCP and/or ALFCP (according to role)Evidence of attendance at internal or external teaching-related workshopsContribution and systematic participation in professional learning or disciplinary engagement in the area, scholarship of Teaching and learning Formal teaching qualification in higher education e.g. Graduate Certificate in Teaching Teaching evaluation review reportEvidence application of current pedagogies in the practice of teaching and curriculum development Membership of disciplinary teaching network (e.g. teaching and learning network, HERDSA, OLT)A strong record in the scholarship of teaching as eviden ce by Demonstrated institutional impact through curriculum development at the discipline or interdisciplinary level Presentations on teaching and learning at local and national conferences Success in attracting funding to undertake projects related to teaching practice in the discipline As per level B plusDetails of grants, awards (successful and unsuccessful) and outcomes Teaching evaluation review reportContribution and systematic participation in professional learning or disciplinary engagement in teaching and learning Peer reviewed publications in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (local and national conferences)An excellent record of scholarship of teaching as evidenced by Demonstrated institutional impact in analogy to teaching policy and practice Evidence of text books or innovative teaching materials that are used elsewhere Participation in international organisations related to teaching area A strong record of scholarly publication in major international education journals Invited presentations at national and international conferences collaborator and/or lead investigator on externally funded teaching and/or curriculum projects As per level C plusContributes to teaching and learning policy development and practiceInvitation to present, design or evaluate a teaching and learning workshop (evidence of invitation) Peer recognition of quality teaching e.g. invitations to teach in other universities, awarded a faculty and/or University teaching award. Leadership and innovation in teaching practices and supporting students recognised at the university, disciplinary, national level Leadership in supporting colleagues teaching through peer review and teaching evaluation Success in a university, national, discipline teaching award Peer reviewed journal publications in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Textbook publications or innovative teaching materials used in the higher education sectorA distinguished record of scholarship of teaching as evidenced by Recognition as an eminent international authority for scholarship of teaching, as reflected in high quality scholarly publications in international education journals invitations to present keynote addresses workshops at relevant national and international conferences Lead investigator on externally funded teaching and/or curriculum projects teaching fellowshipsEvidence of text books or innovative teaching materials that are used elsewhere As per level D plusTeaching evaluation review report (External expert)Evidence of successful, strategic leadership and innovation in enhancing quality teaching practices and supporting student learning at the university, disciplinary, (inter) national levelEvidence of championing an integrated approach to academic practice in the university, discipline, (inter)nationally.Evidence of establishing effective organisational policies and/or strategies for supporting and promoting others (eg through mentoring, coaching) in delivering high quality teaching and support for student learning Evidence of Keynote addresses and workshops in national and international Teaching and Learning conferences Peer reviewed publications in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning sustained publication record in high quality international journals Leadership in Teaching and Learning, Engagement and Professional practice A introduction of potential for leadership in teaching and learningTeaching evaluation review reportContribution and active participation in school teaching and learning committees Evidence of participation in external activities relevant to the discipline/profession and community engagementDemonstration of growing profile in service and leadership in teaching and learning Teaching evaluation review reportActive participation in School committees with measureable outcomes details, role and outcomesIndependent reports from menteesPeer review/ reviewer of curricula which demonstrate engagement with the teaching/researc h nexus Evidence of significant external contributions to the discipline/profession and community engagementDemonstration of effective service and leadership in teaching and learning As per level B plusTeaching evaluation review reportSuccessful prosecution of a major task (sustained or one-off project) that enhances performance of School/Faculty in teaching and learningEvidence of supporting the development of teaching skills in Early Career teaching academics Evidence of successful achievement in roles such as mentor, peer reviewerA significant leadership role in teaching and learning as evidenced by Leadership in curriculum development and renewal at School, Faculty and institutional levels Leadership in introduction of new approaches to teaching and learning at School, Faculty and institutional levels Invitations to participate in reviews of teaching and learning at other institutions involvement in national educational activities Participation in cooperative partnerships rel ating to teaching and learning with other educational institutions or other bodies As per level C plusTeaching evaluation review report (External expert)Peer review of curricula as an expertLeadership in supporting colleagues teaching through peer support and review Outcomes of committee leadershipProfessional Association Awards that validate leadership and expertise in teaching and learning External Reports from the relevant industry/profession/ discipline Invitation to present, design or evaluate a teaching and learning workshop evidence of invitation Invitations to present keynote at Teaching and Learning and disciplinary conferences on teaching and learning evidence of invitation Leadership of a school, faculty, university or national teaching and learning initiative EA national and international leadership profile in teaching and learning as evidenced by Impact on educational policy and curriculum development nationally and internationally contributions to curriculum debates Leadership in educational activities of national and international organisations Leadership of collaborative partnerships relating to teaching and learning with other educational institutions or other bodies As per level D plusMembership of senior advisory groups to GovernmentLeadership in external professional networks / interest groups in teaching and learning Recognition by national or international professional bodies (awards, fellowships, honorary memberships etc) Leadership of professional bodiesContribution to the review and development of national and international professional practice standards